{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization, yet data on children hospitalized with RSV in their second year of life are limited.Objective\n\nTo compare clinical characteristics and management practices of children hospitalized with RSV during their second versus first year of life.Methods\n\nThis retrospective multicenter study included children aged 0-23 months hospitalized with RSV infection across 11 medical centers between 2017 and 2021. We compared demographics, outcomes (length of stay [LOS] > 3 days, and pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] admission), and systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic use between the second and first years of life, adjusting for prematurity, comorbidities, and the COVID-19 pandemic.Results\n\nAmong 6260 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection, 1321 (21%) were hospitalized during their second year of life. Compared with first-year admissions, second-year patients had higher rates of prematurity (18.0% vs. 13.4%) and comorbidities (6.3% vs. 2.6%) (both p < 0.001). They more frequently received corticosteroids (53.5% vs. 23.2%) and antibiotics (63.4% vs. 45.9%) (both p < 0.001) and had lower PICU admission rates (4.6% vs. 7.0%; p < 0 0.001) and similar rates of prolonged LOS (35.0% vs. 35.6%; p = 0.64). In adjusted analyses, second-year hospitalization was associated with increased corticosteroid use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.28; 95% CI, 3.67-4.99) and antibiotic use (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.80-2.43), and lower odds of PICU admission (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.79).Conclusions\n\nRSV hospitalization in the second year of life carries a significant burden, with higher antibiotic and corticosteroid use despite lower PICU rates and similar LOS. These findings highlight the need for better characterization of this age group to optimize future immunoprophylaxis strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.",
    "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.",
    "Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.",
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.",
    "Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.",
    "Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.",
    "Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.",
    "Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.",
    "Pulmonary Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.",
    "Emergency Medicine and Infectious Control Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Centre, Petah Tikva, Israel.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.",
    "Saint Vincent De Paul- French Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.",
    "Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-ilan University, Safed, Israel.",
    "Shaare Zedek Medical Center (affiliated with Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Medicine), Jerusalem, Israel.",
    "Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.",
    "Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel.",
    "Pediatric Infectious disease unit, E. Wolfson Medical center, Holon, Israel."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keren Armoni Domany",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1191-1697"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Inbal Golan-Tripto",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6259-405X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nitzan Burrack",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6926-8505"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Kamal Masarweh",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0310-1512"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Michal Gur"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Mika Rochman",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1875-0902"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Moria Be'er",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5622-2249"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Dario Prais"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Meirav Mor",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4016-8628"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Moran Weinberger Opek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Elias Nasrallah",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1865-3283"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Orli Megged",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5595-4109"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Rachel Shatzman Steuerman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Michal Stein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Zohar Steinberg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Shereen Shehadeh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        18
      ],
      "name": "Aharona Glatman-Freedman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        19
      ],
      "name": "Diana Tasher",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5170-8058"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ds6freanq0y11.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/irv.70338",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13717069",
  "id": "ds6freanq0y11",
  "issns": [
    "1750-2640",
    "1750-2659"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42952123",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224586806",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13717069?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717069",
  "pmid": "42952123",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ds6freanq0y11.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42952123",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42952123"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:27Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717069",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70338"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Respiratory viral infections research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "RSV Disease Among Hospitalized Children: Second vs. First Year of Life Multicenter Study.",
  "title_text": "RSV Disease Among Hospitalized Children: Second vs. First Year of Life Multicenter Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ds6freanq0y11",
  "venue": "Influenza and other respiratory viruses",
  "versions": []
}