{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: We compared reported complementary health approach (CHA) use by self-reported clinician diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with favorability and expected helpfulness as additional exploratory outcomes. Methods: This secondary analysis included 3022 adults from a 2024 US nonprobability online quota sample. Diagnoses were not clinically verified, and formal ME/CFS criteria were not assessed. Logistic models adjusted for ten covariates, using Firth regression for sparse or unstable estimates. Revision-time Benjamini–Hochberg correction defined nine question-based families by outcome and approach grouping. Results: Among 167 respondents reporting CFS, adjusted odds of use were higher for physical (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.60–3.07), nutritional (2.25, 1.34–3.80), combined (1.89, 1.24–2.88), and systems approaches (1.99, 1.32–3.01); all q < 0.05. Nineteen individual CHAs and all seven conventional approaches met q < 0.05 for use. Any-CHA use was 98.2% versus 94.6% (aOR 2.46, 95% CI 0.97–8.91; q = 0.065). Adding the count of other self-reported clinician diagnoses attenuated category-use associations; their CIs included 1. Psychological-category favorability was lower using a mean >3.5 cutoff, but its FDR threshold status depended on midpoint handling. No expectancy association met q < 0.05. Conclusions: Respondents reporting CFS reported greater use of multiple approaches. Additional-diagnosis adjustment changed the estimates, but the count cannot distinguish morbidity from healthcare contact or diagnosis ascertainment. The findings do not establish CFS-specific treatment use, substitution, or effectiveness.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC 27546, USA",
    "Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC 27546, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kyle Agostini",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-3739-739X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abgail N. Heims",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-8335-6920"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "John DiCristo",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-6789-0498"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew D. Bond"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Robert N. Agnello",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-0998-5075"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thomas M. Motyka"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dsxyhc2pyctza.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218425",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dsxyhc2pyctza",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8425",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dsxyhc2pyctza.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218425",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8425"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Complementary Health Approach Use Among Adults Reporting a Clinician Diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a US Online Quota Sample",
  "title_text": "Complementary Health Approach Use Among Adults Reporting a Clinician Diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a US Online Quota Sample",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T00:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dsxyhc2pyctza",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}