{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Under-viaduct green spaces (UVGSs) combine natural landscape elements with persistent transport-related visual and acoustic cues, yet their audiovisual characteristics and experiential implications remain insufficiently understood.\n\nMethods: This exploratory study examined a UVGS in Shanghai using three recorded audiovisual scenarios representing different landscape and traffic conditions. Forty-nine participants viewed the stimuli in a controlled laboratory setting. Visual features were quantified through semantic segmentation, acoustic conditions through field sound-level measurements and 1-s sound-source prominence coding, and facial-expression responses through DeepFace-derived scores sampled at 1-s intervals. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify recurring audiovisual patterns.\n\nResults: The three scenarios differed clearly in visual composition, overall sound level, and sound-source composition, but exploratory component-wise Friedman tests showed no significant scenario-level differences in any of the seven relative DeepFace output components after Holm adjustment. Six audiovisual patterns were identified, with descriptive variation in facial-expression scores across the patterns. Because pattern occurrence was strongly associated with scenario and temporal position, these differences were interpreted descriptively rather than as independent pattern effects.\n\nDiscussion: These scores represent relative facial-expression outputs rather than direct measures of subjective emotional states. Overall, the findings show that audiovisual experience in UVGSs is better understood by considering visual context, sound-source composition, and their co-occurrence rather than isolated environmental indicators.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Design, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China",
    "Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute, Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuting Yin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Feng Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengci Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dongbo Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtbm1r2yw0gcv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1970940",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730850/",
  "id": "dtbm1r2yw0gcv",
  "issns": [
    "1664-1078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1970940",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3102|Noise Effects and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223082843",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1970940/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13730850",
  "pmid": "42984711",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtbm1r2yw0gcv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:49Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730850",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1970940"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3102|Noise Effects and Management",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Audiovisual characteristics, patterns, and facial-expression responses in an under-viaduct green space",
  "title_text": "Audiovisual characteristics, patterns, and facial-expression responses in an under-viaduct green space",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtbm1r2yw0gcv",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Psychology",
  "versions": []
}