{
  "abstract": "In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward the construction of fused pyrimidine systems, particularly non-azolo[d]pyrimidines, due to their structural resemblance to purine analogues and their broad pharmacological potential. This review highlights the utility of pyrimidine-based precursors in the synthesis of five-membered non-azole fused [d]pyrimidine scaffolds, with special emphasis on furo[d]pyrimidine and thieno[d]pyrimidine derivatives during the last decade (2016–2026). Various synthetic methodologies are discussed, including multicomponent reactions, cyclization strategies, annulation protocols, nucleophilic substitution reactions, transition-metal-catalyzed processes, and environmentally benign approaches. In addition, the review summarizes the biological and medicinal significance of the resulting fused heterocycles, which have demonstrated promising anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Several clinically investigated and approved compounds containing thienopyrimidine frameworks are also highlighted, underscoring the pharmaceutical relevance of these privileged scaffolds. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the synthesis and biological applications of furo[d]pyrimidine and thieno[d]pyrimidine derivatives derived from pyrimidine precursors and offers valuable insights for future developments in heterocyclic and medicinal chemistry.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Cairo Egypt +201124477409"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed H. Shamroukh",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5302-1815"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aymn E. Rashad",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4857-8779"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtptmdqe8z8fn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07509f",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733669/",
  "id": "dtptmdqe8z8fn",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07509f",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-3.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 3.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225257044",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/ra/article-pdf/doi/10.1039/d6ra07509f/15033458/d6ra07509f.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13733669",
  "pmid": "42985246",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtptmdqe8z8fn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13733669",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07509f"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The utility of pyrimidine derivatives in the construction of five-membered non-azole-fused [d]pyrimidines: part III-synthetic strategies and biological applications",
  "title_text": "The utility of pyrimidine derivatives in the construction of five-membered non-azole-fused [d]pyrimidines: part III-synthetic strategies and biological applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dtptmdqe8z8fn",
  "venue": "RSC Advances",
  "versions": []
}