{
  "abstract": "AimsTo develop and validate the 12-item short form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers (PQP-12).\n\nMethodsIn a cross-sectional study (n = 164 aged 3-6 years), 12 items (three per factor) were selected based on item-total correlations while retaining the four-factor structure; confirmatory factor, internal consistency, and construct validity analyses were conducted. In a cohort study (n = 275 aged 5-6 years), confirmatory factor and internal consistency analyses were reperformed in an independent sample, and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]), measurement error (standard error of measurement [SEM], minimal detectable change [MDC]), and responsiveness were examined.\n\nResultsThe four-factor model fit well in both samples (comparative fit index = 0.999/0.996) and was superior to the one-factor model. Cronbachs was 0.75 and 0.80 (subscales: 0.46- 0.92), with Factor 2s low value likely reflecting ceiling effects in the older sample. The PQP-12 correlated strongly with the original PQP (r = 0.86-0.95); 78% of construct-validity hypotheses and 80% of responsiveness hypotheses were supported. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.79-0.90), with SEM and MDC being reported.\n\nConclusionThe PQP-12 preserves the original PQPs structure and measurement properties while reducing respondent burden.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Kanagawa University of Human Services"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "T. Nakamura"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Nagayama"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dvt7hfzfnez9j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1.full",
  "id": "dvt7hfzfnez9j",
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  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "psychiatry and clinical psychology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1803|Psychometric Methodologies and Testing"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7212371393",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dvt7hfzfnez9j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:27Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:psychiatry and clinical psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and Validation of a 12-Item Form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers",
  "title_text": "Development and Validation of a 12-Item Form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dvt7hfzfnez9j",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}