{
  "abstract": "Copper is uniquely capable of driving CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products, yet its performance deteriorates under industrially relevant conditions due to surface restructuring and increased hydrogen evolution. In this work, we systematically evaluate dilute CuPd alloy nanoparticles with controlled Pd content (2-6 at.%) and well-defined size distribution in a zerogap electrolyzer across current densities ranging from 100 to 300 mA cm-2. We demonstrate that dilute alloying improves the stability of the nanoparticles. At high current densities (200-300 mA cm-2), monometallic Cu undergoes significant degradation, while CuPd dilute alloys exhibit improved multicarbon selectivity and reduced hydrogen evolution. This behavior is attributed to stabilization of active sites against Cu oxidation and restructuring under high-rate while retaining the good selectivity of Cu, which is supported by in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations. An optimal Pd content (ca. 4.5 at.%) is identified to offer the best balance between stability, performance and Pd atom efficiency. These findings demonstrate that dilute Pd",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering",
    "Chalmers University of Technology",
    "Competence Centre for Catalysis (KCK",
    "Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 312, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark",
    "Department of Physics and Astronomy",
    "Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM",
    "Linköping University",
    "Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering",
    "University of Toronto"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Arma Yau Musa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mohd Monis Ayyub"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laura Flyckt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Michael Wilms"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Yankovich"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jiawei Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lunjie Zeng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Esraa Darwish"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Qian Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Rongyi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Eva Olsson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Lizhou Fan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Brian Seger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Joakim Halldin Stenlid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mathilde Luneau",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5820-4215"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dwk58c06f55nv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010808/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dwk58c06f55nv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010808/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223184866",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dwk58c06f55nv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15010808",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010808/v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "CuPd Dilute Alloys Enhance Stability During CO2 Electroreduction in Zero-Gap Electrolyzers",
  "title_text": "CuPd Dilute Alloys Enhance Stability During CO2 Electroreduction in Zero-Gap Electrolyzers",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dwk58c06f55nv",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}