{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nWhether advancing chronological age is associated more strongly with serious postoperative events or with survival after an event remains uncertain.Aims\n\nTo compare the association of chronological age with major postoperative events and failure to rescue after colorectal cancer surgery.Methods\n\nWe analyzed 1,124 adults treated at five Polish centers between January 2022 and August 2025. Major events were Clavien-Dindo ≥grade IIIa; failure to rescue was cumulative 90-day death after such an event. Chronological age was analysed per 10-year increase. Multivariable logistic regression examined major events and Firth regression examined failure to rescue.Results\n\nMajor events occurred in 145 patients; failure to rescue was evaluable in 134 and occurred in 24. Chronological age was not associated with major events (adjusted odds ratio per decade 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.89-1.33) or nonfatal major morbidity. Failure-to-rescue odds increased per decade (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.63); model-standardized probabilities were 11.1% at age 65 and 32.5% at age 85 years. Sensitivity analyses were directionally consistent, but the interval included no association when every model-eligible missing post-event outcome was assigned to death.Discussion\n\nThe chronological-age gradient was concentrated in survival after a serious event. Frailty and physiological reserve were not measured; reduced reserve remains a plausible explanation rather than a demonstrated mechanism.Conclusions\n\nChronological age may help identify patients who warrant intensified postoperative surveillance and early escalation, while formal geriatric and frailty assessment remains necessary to characterize biological vulnerability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Saint Wojciech Hospital, Nicolaus Copernicus Health Center, Gdańsk, Poland.",
    "Department of Oncology and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.",
    "First Department of Surgical Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, Wroclaw, Poland.",
    "Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.",
    "Department of Oncological Surgery, Gdynia Oncology Centre, Gdynia, Poland.",
    "Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.",
    "Department of Minimally Invasive and Oncological General Surgery, Voivodeship Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.",
    "Department of Surgery, Dnipro State Medical University, Vernadskoho st 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine. l.marano@amisns.edu.pl."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tomasz Cwaliński",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1506-9735"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Michał Kazanowski",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-8080-3001"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jacek Piątkowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4776-664X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maciej Ciesielski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Marcin Januszkiewicz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zuzanna Bigus"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Patryk Kaczor",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9359-157X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bartosz Kapturkiewicz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2894-4834"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Paweł Lesiak",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-6454-4943"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sergii Girnyi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0988-5875"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Damian Nowiński"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Piotr Kurek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marek Jackowski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Marek Bębenek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mateusz Jagielski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7399-4494"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Luigi Marano",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9777-9588"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dx00wekm5xyff.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s40520-026-03508-y",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13653820",
  "id": "dx00wekm5xyff",
  "issns": [
    "1594-0667",
    "1720-8319"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42858222",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2717|Frailty in Older Adults"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211911851",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13653820?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13653820",
  "pmid": "42858222",
  "published": "2026-09-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dx00wekm5xyff.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42858222",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42858222"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2717|Frailty in Older Adults",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chronological age and failure to rescue after colorectal cancer surgery: A multicentre cohort study.",
  "title_text": "Chronological age and failure to rescue after colorectal cancer surgery: A multicentre cohort study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dx00wekm5xyff",
  "venue": "Aging clinical and experimental research",
  "versions": []
}