{
  "abstract": "Substrate orientation offers a route to tailoring the dielectric and energy-storage properties of lead-free oxide thin films. In this work, 1.0 mol.% Mn-doped 0.96NaNbO3–0.04CaZrO3 (NNCZ–Mn) thin films were fabricated via a sol–gel method on (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates and exhibited corresponding preferential out-of-plane orientations. The (111) film combined higher permittivity and lower leakage current with a larger recoverable polarization, yielding the best energy-storage performance among the three orientations. It achieved a recoverable energy density of approximately 23 J/cm3 with an efficiency of 65% at an electric field of 666.67 kV/cm and reached approximately 35 J/cm3 at 970 kV/cm with an efficiency of 48%. Its recoverable energy density also exhibited moderate thermal stability over 23–160 °C, good frequency stability over 400–2000 Hz, and good fatigue resistance after 106 cycles. This study demonstrates the potential of substrate orientation control for improving solution-processed NaNbO3-based thin-film capacitors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huijuan Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yongmei Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianwei Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhihong Liu",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-0248-1774"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zejun Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dxafk3pxf5amf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nano16211405",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dxafk3pxf5amf",
  "issns": [
    "2079-4991"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1405",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dxafk3pxf5amf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T00:23:18Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nano16211405",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1405"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2079-4991",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effect of Substrate Orientation on Energy Storage in NaNbO3-Based Thin Films",
  "title_text": "Effect of Substrate Orientation on Energy Storage in NaNbO3-Based Thin Films",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T00:24:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dxafk3pxf5amf",
  "venue": "Nanomaterials",
  "versions": []
}