{
  "abstract": "Lifelong bilingualism has been proposed as a cognitively enriching experience that mitigates age-related declines in cognitive abilities; however, the evidence remains mixed due to issues such as small samples, absence of effects in younger samples, and not accounting for confounding factors (e.g. education). Here we address these issues by examining adults aged 18-88 from the Cam-CAN dataset in two ways: by comparing monolinguals to bilinguals (N=390) and by examining bilingual experience as a continuous factor with a newly devised metric (N=460). Generalised additive models assessed fluid reasoning, ecological multitasking, and verbal abstraction. Increased age was associated with declined fluid reasoning and multitasking, but better verbal abstraction. Compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed better preserved fluid reasoning in older age, suggesting decelerated cognitive decline, and higher verbal abstraction scores. Our results help refine theories on the effects of bilingualism on cognition by showcasing that are likely to emerge in older age only.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xinyu Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Umit Aydin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christos Pliatsikas"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dyd0thq17a2kt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/dz6ut_v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dyd0thq17a2kt",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/dz6ut_v1/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Cognitive Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Cognitive Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Language"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223039162",
  "pdf_url": "https://osf.io/dz6ut/download",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dyd0thq17a2kt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "dz6ut",
      "source": "osf",
      "url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/dz6ut_v1/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "bepress:Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Bilingualism and Cognitive Ageing: Domain-Specific Benefits After Controlling for Education and Lifestyle",
  "title_text": "Bilingualism and Cognitive Ageing: Domain-Specific Benefits After Controlling for Education and Lifestyle",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dyd0thq17a2kt",
  "venue": "PsyArXiv",
  "versions": []
}