{
  "abstract": "Lead-free bismuth-based metal halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic candidates due to their low toxicity, favorable bandgaps and intrinsic air stability. Scalable, reproducible fabrication remains challenging. We study post-deposition annealing of methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI) bilayer films prepared by low-temperature thermal vapor deposition (LTTV), where BiI3 and MAI are sequentially evaporated at substrate temperatures as low as 40°C under moderate vacuum in ambient air. Unlike solution or high-vacuum co-evaporation routes, LTTV provides a practical dry pathway to crystalline, converted MBI absorbers. Annealing above 200°C drives thermally activated bilayer conversion to a monoclinic C2/c MBI phase with strong (111) texture and micrometer-scale grain growth, yielding power conversion efficiencies up to 0.53%, fill factor 0.63 and short-circuit current density 1.68 mA cm−2. Forward and reverse J–V scans are statistically indistinguishable across the device population, indicating hysteresis-free operation attributed to limited ionic disorder from the dry conversion pathway. Non-encapsulated devices retain stable photovoltaic performance during extended ambient dark storage, confirming the ambient storage stability of LTTV-deposited MBI absorbers. These results demonstrate LTTV as a scalable route to stable bismuth perovskite absorbers for solar energy applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Youssef Jouane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hesham Hawashin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Parou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sylvain Vedraine"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rémi Antony"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bernard Ratier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dmitry Aldakov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Johann Bouclé"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dypkfzsn26px8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.solener.2026.114961",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dypkfzsn26px8",
  "issns": [
    "0038-092X",
    "1471-1257"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://unilim.hal.science/hal-05734713v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.phys"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.spi"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.phys.cond"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.phys.phys"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.spi.nano"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.phys.cond.cm-ms"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.phys.phys.phys-optics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Perovskite Materials and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172415777",
  "pdf_url": "https://unilim.hal.science/hal-05734713/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dypkfzsn26px8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05734713",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://unilim.hal.science/hal-05734713v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:1.phys.cond",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:2.phys.phys.phys-optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Stable lead-free bismuth perovskite solar cells via thermally activated bilayer conversion",
  "title_text": "Stable lead-free bismuth perovskite solar cells via thermally activated bilayer conversion",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dypkfzsn26px8",
  "venue": "Solar Energy",
  "versions": []
}