{
  "abstract": "Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors offer a route to soft, low-voltage neuromorphic electronics because ionic motion can directly modulate electronic conductance, providing a materials-level analogue of synaptic plasticity.However, the molecular origin of this ion-electron coupling remains poorly understood, limiting the rational design of artificial synapses for time-dependent tasks such as visual recognition.Here, we show that synaptic dynamics in Organic mixed ionic-electronic memristors can be programmed by chemically controlling salt dissociation within the active matrix.The devices combine Super Yellow, alkali-metal triflate salts (XOTf; X = Li, Na or K), and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate, an oligoether that coordinates the cations with different strengths.This coordination regulates the voltage-dependent population of mobile triflate anions available to compensate holes injected into Sy, thereby controlling electrochemical p-doping and the memristive response.As a result, cation identity systematically tunes the activation threshold, ON/OFF ratio, switching kinetics, relaxation dynamics and volatility.Under pulsed stimulation, these programmed ion dynamics enable short-term and long-term plasticity, as well as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, with conductanceupdate amplitudes following the trend SyLi > SyNa > SyK.Learning rules extracted from the devices were implemented in spiking neural-network simulations for digit recognition, yielding accuracies of 87%, 86% and 76% for SyLi, SyNa and SyK, respectively, after one training epoch using 1000 MNIST images.This corresponds to a 60-fold reduction in training data relative to the full MNIST benchmark commonly used in neuromorphic simulations.These results link molecular control of salt dissociation to programmable ion-electron coupling, enabling efficient organic synapses for time-resolved neuromorphic vision.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Valencia",
    "Trinity College Dublin"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laura González-Cervera"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Javier Alda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Gimenez-Santamaria"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joaquin Soriano-Lopez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Roger Sanchis-Gual"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ramón Torres-Cavanillas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3431-6113"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eugenio Coronado"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dz9qd27z7s1sw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008624/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dz9qd27z7s1sw",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008624/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Memory and Neural Computing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212154013",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008624/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-10",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dz9qd27z7s1sw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008624",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008624/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cation Coordination as a Molecular Handle to Program Synaptic behavior in OrganicMemristors",
  "title_text": "Cation Coordination as a Molecular Handle to Program Synaptic behavior in OrganicMemristors",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dz9qd27z7s1sw",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}