{
  "abstract": "Amphibian skin relies on secreted effectors and inducible immune pathways, but short-read RNA sequencing cannot reliably resolve the transcript isoforms and precursor structures underlying this defense system. We generated the first full-length skin transcriptome for the Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) by integrating pooled PacBio Iso-Seq data with six Illumina RNA-seq libraries and six skin peptidomic libraries from control and Proteus mirabilis-challenged frogs. Because Iso-Seq RNA was pooled across conditions, the long-read data were used to define transcript structure rather than condition-specific isoform changes. The reference contained 58,388 transcripts from 34,247 genes, including 32,215 non-reference models, and 5907 of 19,143 reconstructed loci had multiple isoforms. Among 108,147 predicted ORFs, 17,169 carried an N-terminal secretion signal, and 72 secretory and immune-effector ORFs from 46 genes were prioritized. Gene-level RNA-seq identified 72 differentially expressed genes at Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted p < 0.05 and |log₂FC| ≥ 1; 27 had higher expression in challenged skin and 45 in control skin. No GO term remained significant after correction, whereas three KEGG pathways did. Among these 72 genes, 60 (83.3%) had at least two full-length models, 53 (73.6%) contained at least one complete ORF, and 4 (5.6%) had peptide-sequence support. Reported peptide sequences matched 1029 entries across the full-length catalog, but shared peptide matches were not treated as ORF-specific evidence. Together, these data establish an isoform-resolved skin-defense resource for Q. spinosa and a framework for prioritizing secretory and immune candidates for isoform-specific and functional validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.",
    "College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jie Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1066-1529"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yikai Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinyi Qian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhihua Lin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0f2ebvc3zeh6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/biology15201802",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13701283",
  "id": "e0f2ebvc3zeh6",
  "issns": [
    "2079-7737"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939404",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2404|Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221150871",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13701283?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13701283",
  "pmid": "42939404",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0f2ebvc3zeh6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42939404",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939404"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrated Full-Length Transcriptomics, RNA-Seq and Peptidomics Define an Isoform-Resolved Skin Defense Repertoire in the Chinese Spiny Frog (Quasipaa spinosa).",
  "title_text": "Integrated Full-Length Transcriptomics, RNA-Seq and Peptidomics Define an Isoform-Resolved Skin Defense Repertoire in the Chinese Spiny Frog (Quasipaa spinosa).",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0f2ebvc3zeh6",
  "venue": "Biology",
  "versions": []
}