{
  "abstract": "Cushing's disease (CD) is very rare in children. Nineteen children (≤18 years) with CD (median age at diagnosis: 13 [6-17] years; 12 females) were retrospectively analyzed using medical records (1994-2025) from Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Facial changes (88.9%), weight gain with decreased growth rate (88.9%), central obesity (88.9%) and hirsutism (94.4%) were frequently observed at diagnosis. Median time to diagnosis was 2.7 (0.25-5.8) years. Screening for endogenous hypercortisolism was assessed by 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels, serum cortisol levels at 23:00, and serum cortisol levels at 8:00 after a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST), each with 100% sensitivity. Etiological diagnosis was evaluated by serum cortisol levels at 8:00 after a high-dose DST, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after a corticotropin-releasing hormone test, and plasma ACTH levels at 8:00, with sensitivities of 85.7%, 93.8%, and 83.3%, respectively. The actual tumor detection rate on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 72.2%. Micro-pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were identified in 77.8% of patients. The total remission rate was 94.4% (median follow-up: 3.8 [0-10.4] years). The mean standard deviation scores (SDS) (SD) of height and body mass index (BMI) at onset and diagnosis were -0.45 (0.63) and -2.0 (1.1), and 0.61 (0.95) and 1.6 (0.75), respectively. Height and BMI SDS (SD) improved to -1.0 (0.80) and 0.091 (1.2) at the last visit (age: 11.4-17.5 years; follow-up: 1-8.6 years), respectively. This study revealed clinical characteristics of Japanese children with CD, including distinctive BMI SDS and a high tumor detection rate by MRI.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mari Yamamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuri Mukoyama"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kentaro Kishi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shun Moriguchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fumihiko Takizawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tetsushi Ogawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junko Ito"
    },
    {
      "name": "Susumu Yokoya"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hirokazu Fukuhara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Noriaki Fukuhara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masahiko Tosaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hiroshi Nishioka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shozo Yamada"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masakazu Mimaki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tsuyoshi Isojima"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0p3f4fh1b57w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1507/endocrj.ej26-0212",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0212/_article",
  "id": "e0p3f4fh1b57w",
  "issns": [
    "1348-4540",
    "0918-8959"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0212/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/endocrinology-metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7166842392",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0212/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0p3f4fh1b57w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.1507/endocrj.ej26-0212",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/73/11/73_EJ26-0212/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical characterization of Japanese children with Cushing’s disease",
  "title_text": "Clinical characterization of Japanese children with Cushing’s disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0p3f4fh1b57w",
  "venue": "Endocrine Journal",
  "versions": []
}