{
  "abstract": "This paper presents a 3L2C2 multi-resonant-element three-port converter (3L2C2-TPC) that transfers power through the fundamental and third-harmonic components while realizing topology-level decoupling between ports 2 and 3. Because the converter conduction loss is dominated by the resonant RMS currents, a converter-specific optimization model is established for the five triple phase-shift variables under two prescribed power-transfer constraints. An application-oriented improved Gray Langurs Optimizer (IGLO) combines Logistic-map initialization with dynamic opposition-based learning to improve initial coverage and reduce search stagnation. The optimizer is assessed through independent-run statistics and comparisons with representative population-based algorithms. A laboratory prototype verifies topology-level power decoupling and the optimized modulation. At the same power command, the measured weighted RMS-current metric decreases from 71.27 A ² at a feasible nonoptimal point to 58.70 A ² at the IGLO-derived point, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 17.6%. The results support the proposed method for the reported converter, voltage, and operating-point range; universal superiority over other optimizers is not claimed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xinsheng Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8239-0296"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chao Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pengcheng Lu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Duanjun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jie Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuehe Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hong Fu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0zyqak9t2s30.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-76502-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e0zyqak9t2s30",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76502-z",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced DC-DC Converters"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223801324",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76502-z_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0zyqak9t2s30.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-76502-z",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76502-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "A 3L2C2 DC–DC three-port converter with topology-level power decoupling: conduction loss optimization via improved Gray Langurs Optimizer-based triple phase-shift modulation",
  "title_text": "A 3L2C2 DC–DC three-port converter with topology-level power decoupling: conduction loss optimization via improved Gray Langurs Optimizer-based triple phase-shift modulation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e0zyqak9t2s30",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}