{
  "abstract": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes 82 million global cases of gonorrhoea annually. Multidrug-resistant gonococci threaten to make gonorrhoea untreatable. Meningococcal vaccines MeNZB and 4CMenB (Bexsero), containing Neisseria meningitidis group B detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles (dOMV), cross-protect against gonorrhoea with 31–59% effectiveness. We hypothesised that gonococcal OMV-based vaccines will have greater efficacy against gonorrhoea than meningococcal vaccines. We developed native OMV (nOMV) candidate Neisseria vaccines from gonococcal strains GC_0817560 and FA1090, and meningococcal B strain NZ98/254. lpxL1 and rmp genes were deleted to reduce reactogenicity and minimise induction of unprotective or blocking antibodies. nOMV were characterised and formulated with aluminium hydroxide. Deletion of lpxL1 markedly reduced nOMV-induced IL-6 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. nOMV derived from GC_0817560 lpxL1 − rmp − and FA1090 lpxL1 − rmp − induced greater quantities of gonococcal-specific serum IgG and accelerated clearance of FA1090 from oestradiol-treated BALB/c mice significantly faster than 4CMenB and NZ98/254 lpxL1 − rmp − nOMV (P < 0.0001). Gonococcal nOMV-based vaccines represent promising candidates for further development.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
    "Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA",
    "University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA",
    "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain",
    "Joint Research Unit 'Infection and Public Health, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain",
    "Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK",
    "WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden",
    "Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
    "Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway",
    "Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK",
    "Microbiotica, Cambridge, UK",
    "Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK",
    "School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK",
    "Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. calman.maclennan@ndm.ox.ac.uk",
    "Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. calman.maclennan@ndm.ox.ac.uk"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paula Freixeiro",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1479-6797"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lisa A. Lewis",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9469-9083"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Leonor Sánchez-Busó",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4162-0228"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Magnus Unemo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1710-2081"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sunita Gulati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Aline Linder",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-0965-1949"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jukka Corander",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7752-1942"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Odile Barbara Harrison",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1623-0295"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Christina Dold",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2314-507X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Simon Harris"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Christine S. Rollier",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9712-8080"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sanjay Ram",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0058-9532"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Calman Alexander MacLennan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9694-0846"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e1543p5s4zvpk.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41541-026-01491-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e1543p5s4zvpk",
  "issns": [
    "2059-0105"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01491-z",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "openalex",
      "2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-026-01491-z_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13315605",
  "pmid": "42259835",
  "published": "2026-06-08",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e1543p5s4zvpk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:51Z",
      "native_id": "W7163879767",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01491-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pre-clinical efficacy of a candidate outer membrane vesicle gonococcal vaccine in comparison with 4CMenB",
  "title_text": "Pre-clinical efficacy of a candidate outer membrane vesicle gonococcal vaccine in comparison with 4CMenB",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e1543p5s4zvpk",
  "venue": "npj Vaccines",
  "versions": []
}