{
  "abstract": "Background: Spatial transcriptomics resolves tissue organization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), whereas most clinically annotated cohorts remain bulk transcriptomic datasets.\n\nMethods: We evaluated six literature-informed curated composite programs across bulk, single-cell and spatial datasets without assuming a discrete ecosystem taxonomy. The programs comprised Macrophage-rich, T cell-inflamed, Antigen-presentation, Stromal/fibrotic, Immune-cold/exclusion and Proliferative/cycling, with 22 memberships per program (132 memberships, 121 unique genes and 11 shared memberships).\n\nResults: In 498 GSE31312 tumors, principal components 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) explained 48.6% and 20.8% of score variance. No candidate discrete taxonomy demonstrated sufficient stability for retention; k=2 met silhouette and size criteria but failed both bootstrap-stability thresholds. Historical 15-edge concordance was high for GSE10846 (rho=0.936) and GSE181063 (rho=0.982), whereas the most restrictive GSE10846 edge-exclusion sensitivity, removing both shared-gene and proliferation-associated edges, reduced rho to 0.690. Single-cell analysis of 14,368 DLBCL cells from four patients and eight samples provided descriptive lineage context. In Visium V2 areas, the antigen-presentation series was treated as AP-residual (HLA-unmeasured) because only 13/22 program genes were measurable and all nine HLA genes in the defined program were unavailable. Matched-random-gene-set support was broad but not universal (24/30 DLBCL, 18/24 context/background, 42/54 overall; 25/32 primary-plus-exploratory), whereas both depth-adjusted residual endpoints were supported in 30/30 DLBCL area-program combinations.\n\nConclusion: These findings support continuous program-level interpretation while retaining explicit provenance, stability, assay, method and sampling limitations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,",
    "Medical Oncology Department, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,",
    "Third Ward of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junwei Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Han Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liuxin Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lishuo Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuetong Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianxiong Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jifan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gaojie Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e19626ny7hz4k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1919412",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668564/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "e19626ny7hz4k",
  "issns": [
    "2234-943X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668564",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215131378",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668564/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13668564",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e19626ny7hz4k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13668564",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668564"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:13Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1919412",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1919412/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2234-943X",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Continuous spatially informed microenvironment programs show cross-cohort concordance and context-dependent spatial organization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma",
  "title_text": "Continuous spatially informed microenvironment programs show cross-cohort concordance and context-dependent spatial organization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e19626ny7hz4k",
  "venue": "Frontiers in oncology",
  "versions": []
}