{
  "abstract": "Functional principal component analysis has traditionally focused on processes indexed by Euclidean domains, although functional observations increasingly arise on curved domains. We develop FPCA for real-valued processes observed with noise at discrete locations on a general Riemannian manifold. We estimate the mean and covariance functions using intrinsic kernel smoothing based on geodesic distance and a normal-coordinate volume correction, with a general weighting scheme accommodating unequal numbers of observations across subjects. We establish $L^2$ and uniform convergence rates for these estimators and derive corresponding error bounds for the estimated eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. These results quantify how manifold dimension, sampling frequency and weighting affect estimation accuracy and characterize the phase transition between sparse and dense sampling regimes. Simulation studies on the circle and sphere, together with real-data applications, illustrate the finite-sample performance of the proposed methodology.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2606.31465",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Chang Jun Im"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeong Min Jeon"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e2d7mxszz9j4v.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.31465",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e2d7mxszz9j4v",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31465",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.ST"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "stat.ME"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "stat.TH"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2613|Advanced Statistical Methods and Models"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7166819160",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.31465",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e2d7mxszz9j4v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:19Z",
      "native_id": "2606.31465",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31465"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.ST",
      "subfield": "statistics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Functional Principal Component Analysis for Manifold-Indexed Data",
  "title_text": "Functional Principal Component Analysis for Manifold-Indexed Data",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T15:20:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e2d7mxszz9j4v",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}