{ "abstract": "Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related hepatocarcinogenesis involves metabolic injury, fibrosis, and dysregulated regenerative signaling. Because growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can support repair but also activate proliferative pathways, their effects in advanced disease remain uncertain. We investigated that effect in a MASLD-related HCC model. Male C57BL/6J mice received a Western Diet (WD) and weekly carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections for 24 weeks. At week 16, mice were allocated to untreated or hormone-treated groups, with continuous subcutaneous infusion of IGF-1 at 20 or 60 µg/kg/day or GH at 0.5 or 2 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Both hormones reduced serum aminotransferases, lobular inflammation, hepatic collagen and altered selected fibrosis-related transcripts, whereas to IGF-1 20 µg/kg/day and GH 2 mg/kg/day reduced steatosis, and IGF-1 20 µg/kg/day and GH 0.5 mg/kg/day reduced hepatocyte ballooning. GH at 2 mg/kg/day was associated with fewer macroscopically detected hepatic surface nodules, while IGF-1 did not alter nodule burden. The GH 2 mg/kg/day group also showed a lower hepatic p-ERK/ERK ratio. Thus, continuous GH administration during late-stage WD/CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was associated with lower hepatic nodule burden. Histopathological confirmation of the lesions and validation in additional models are required before interpreting this finding as an antitumor or therapeutic effect.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile", "División de Nutrición y Diabetes, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, Chile", "Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile", "Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, Chile", "IMPACT Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile", "Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Alemana de Santiago—Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile", "Red de Salud UC CHRISTUS, Santiago 8330033, Chile", "MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA", "Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA", "Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile", "Laboratory of Biomedical Research-LIBMED, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de Salud, Facultad de Medicina y Salud, Universidad Finis Terrea, Santiago 7501015, Chile", "Vicerrectoría de Vinculación con el Medio, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile", "Fundación Arturo López Pérez OECI Cancer Center, Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Cáncer, Santiago 7500966, Chile", "Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, Chile" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 19, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Vanessa I. Oyarzún", "orcid": "0009-0006-2317-6174" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Jessica Liberona" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Loreto Aguilar", "orcid": "0009-0002-4047-5134" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Nancy Solis" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Paula Rivera Aguayo", "orcid": "0000-0002-7507-2469" }, { "affs": [ 0, 3, 4 ], "name": "Wilfredo A. González-Arriagada" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Michelle S. Fernández-Cuya", "orcid": "0009-0001-0567-0623" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino", "orcid": "0000-0003-2415-5413" }, { "affs": [ 2, 6 ], "name": "Roberto Candia", "orcid": "0000-0003-1856-7737" }, { "affs": [ 2, 6 ], "name": "Marco Arrese", "orcid": "0000-0002-0499-4191" }, { "affs": [ 2, 6, 7 ], "name": "Luis Antonio Díaz", "orcid": "0000-0002-8540-4930" }, { "affs": [ 2, 8 ], "name": "Juan Pablo Arab", "orcid": "0000-0002-8561-396X" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Claudio Cabello-Verrugio", "orcid": "0000-0001-7273-2102" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Elisa Balboa", "orcid": "0000-0002-8757-436X" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Lisbell D. Estrada" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Jesús Llanquinao-Sandoval", "orcid": "0009-0000-3973-1714" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Gabriel Mezzano" }, { "affs": [ 2, 6 ], "name": "Francisco Barrera" }, { "affs": [ 0, 12, 13 ], "name": "Daniel Cabrera", "orcid": "0000-0001-9634-725X" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e39erwgxpwnkp.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219985", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "e39erwgxpwnkp", "issns": [ "1422-0067" ], "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9985", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [], "openalex": null, "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-11-07", "publisher": "MDPI AG", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e39erwgxpwnkp.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z", "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219985", "source": "crossref", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9985" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biochemistry", "origin": "issn:1422-0067", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "Growth Hormone Reduces Tumor Liver Development in a MASLD-Related HCC Murine Model", "title_text": "Growth Hormone Reduces Tumor Liver Development in a MASLD-Related HCC Murine Model", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e39erwgxpwnkp", "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", "versions": [] }