{
  "abstract": "Objective: This study examined hemodynamic changes and anxiety-related outcomes following hand reflexology among patients with acute myocardial infarction.\n\nMethods and Materials: A parallel-group randomized trial was conducted at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Of 104 patients assessed, 88 were allocated to hand reflexology (n = 47) or usual care (n = 41). Reflexology comprised 15-minute sessions on three consecutive days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and anxiety-related scores were assessed before and after intervention. Within-group differences were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t tests.\n\nFindings: In the reflexology group, systolic blood pressure decreased from 134.91 to 133.49 mmHg (p = .045), diastolic pressure from 81.92 to 80.79 mmHg (p = .010), and heart rate from 78.34 to 71.75 beats/min (p = .003). Oxygen saturation increased from 95.77% to 96.48% (p = .041). Corresponding within-group changes in controls were nonsignificant (all p > .05). Anxiety-related scores increased from 2.5552 to 2.6371 in the intervention group (reported p = .024), although scoring direction was unclear. No between-group treatment-effect estimates were reported.\n\nConclusion: Hand reflexology was associated with within-group hemodynamic changes, but comparative efficacy and anxiety reduction remain unestablished. Verified scoring and direct between-group analyses are required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon. Chairman of Continuous Medical Education in Al Diwaniya Teaching Hospital. Head of CME and Training and Development Center Al Diwaniya Health Office. Lecturer in Al Diwaniya College of Medicine. Lecturer in Al Diwaniya College of Sport Education. Head of Iraqi Union of Sport Medicine. Supervised PHD researches /thesis for post graduates.",
    "Adult Nursing, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye.",
    "Adult Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.",
    "Primary Health Care, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye.",
    "College of Nursing, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.",
    "Adult Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yahia Falih Mohammad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Ghalib Abdul-Hussein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hadeer Naeem Abdul-Hussein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wael Salim Lahmood Al-Naieli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zainab Jaafar Shanshool"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Bahaa Mirza Skal"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e4a1mbjs3ja4p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1574",
  "fulltext_url": "https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/1574",
  "id": "e4a1mbjs3ja4p",
  "issns": [
    "2345-5802"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1574",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R5-920"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "Vesnu Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e4a1mbjs3ja4p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T14:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "298954b8fed349acafaa48b3e7762f46",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1574"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R5-920",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Hemodynamic Changes and Anxiety-Related Outcomes Following Hand Reflexology in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "title_text": "Hemodynamic Changes and Anxiety-Related Outcomes Following Hand Reflexology in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e4a1mbjs3ja4p",
  "venue": "International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture",
  "versions": []
}