{
  "abstract": "Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth and preterm birth, but the degree to which IAV alters placental and fetal immunity is poorly understood. The objective of our study was to determine the immunologic impact of maternal IAV infection on the placenta and fetus in a pigtail macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) model. Pregnant pigtail macaques were inoculated with 10 7 plaque forming units (PFU) of IAV [A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)] and underwent necropsy 5 days post-infection (N=11). Results were compared to uninfected historical controls (N=16). IAV inoculation induced maternal pneumonia in all cases. Stillbirth occurred in 18% (2/11) of IAV-infected pregnancies, but not in controls. While vertical transmission was not observed, low-level IAV viral RNA was detected in two placentas. In the placenta, maternal IAV infection was associated with increased IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-β levels, and an upregulated type I interferon (IFN) transcriptional response. IAV infection was also associated with significantly higher frequencies of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD4⁺ T cells, and NKT cells in the fetus (lung, lymph node, blood). Although placental immune and transcriptional perturbations were rarely correlated with maternal IAV disease indicators (e.g., maternal lung viral load/IFN-α/IFN-β/IL-6), there were consistent and significant correlations between these metrics and perturbed immune cell populations in the fetus (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocyte sub-populations). Maternal IAV infection disrupted both placental and fetal immune environments, but only fetal immune alterations correlated with maternal lung disease severity. One Sentence Summary Maternal influenza A virus infection in pregnant pigtail macaques dysregulates placental and fetal immunity, with disease severity correlating strongly with fetal, but not placental, immune perturbations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.",
    "School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Washington National Biomedical Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.",
    "Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 34,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Orlando Cervantes",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3187-9567"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sidney Sun",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-7254-0401"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hazel Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Briana Del Rosario"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hong Zhao",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0838-8831"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amanda Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-4089-3655"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Vo",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2367-6691"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gygeria Manuel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9299-2574"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Roslyn Van Abel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jeff Munson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "John Cornelius",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-6381-9603"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Raj P. Kapur",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5718-407X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Miranda Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7541-3748"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Edmunda Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-9426-3546"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hanning Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0746-2286"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra Christodoulou",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-3619-8276"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Melissa Berg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0053-9503"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Britni Curtis",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-5824-9856"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Miller",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8864-8538"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shannon Ruff"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Brenna Menz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Solomon Wangari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Audrey Germond"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Audrey Baldessari",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6392-3230"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Chris English",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7229-3258"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "W. McIntyre Durning"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Thomas B. Lewis",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-8463-6718"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Megan N. Fredericks",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8865-9688"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mara Maughan",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5631-0577"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Austyn Orvis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Coleman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6752-3266"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Lakshmi Rajagopal",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3373-2323"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Deborah H. Fuller",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7315-2441"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Kristina M. Adams Waldorf",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6939-7224"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e5s1zcj1m22kr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aee9861",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e5s1zcj1m22kr",
  "issns": [
    "2375-2548"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee9861",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies"
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  "openalex": "W7221075013",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e5s1zcj1m22kr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aee9861",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aee9861"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Influenza A virus infection induces immune dysregulation in the placenta and fetus without vertical transmission in nonhuman primates",
  "title_text": "Influenza A virus infection induces immune dysregulation in the placenta and fetus without vertical transmission in nonhuman primates",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e5s1zcj1m22kr",
  "venue": "Science Advances",
  "versions": []
}