{
  "abstract": "Objective\n\nTo critically review the available evidence on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of Menière's disease and to provide consensus-based recommendations developed by a task force of the Brazilian Society of Otology and the Brazilian Academy of Neurotology.Methods\n\nA task force consisting of experts in otology and neurotology was established to review the scientific literature and develop thematic sections of the document. The content was discussed in both in-person and remote meetings until consensus was achieved. Recommendations were graded according to level of evidence and strength of recommendation using standardized systems for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods.Results\n\nMenière's disease is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Endolymphatic hydrops represents the most consistent histopathologic finding; however, it does not alone explain the clinical expression of the disease. Current evidence indicates the involvement of multifactorial mechanisms, including genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction, inflammatory processes, and changes in inner ear ion homeostasis. Diagnosis remains primarily clinical, based on international criteria, with serial audiometry playing a key role. Electrophysiologic testing and imaging may be useful in selected situations. Clinical variability supports the concept of subphenotypes with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications.Conclusion\n\nMenière's disease should be recognized as a heterogeneous and multifactorial clinical entity. Diagnosis requires careful clinical evaluation and longitudinal follow-up. Advances in the understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms and the identification of subphenotypes may contribute to more individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Hospital Universitário Cajuru, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: henrique.pauna@pucpr.br.",
    "Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Campinas, SP, Brazil.",
    "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.",
    "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.",
    "Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Hospital das Clínicas (HC), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.",
    "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina (FM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.",
    "Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Division of Otolaryngology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.",
    "Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Medicina, Division of Otolaryngology, Brasília, DF, Brazil.",
    "Clínica Borges de Carvalho Otorrinos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.",
    "Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle, Department of Otolaryngology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.",
    "Centro Estadual de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr Henrique Santillo (CRER), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.",
    "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.",
    "Clínica Novva, Hospital Clínica Los Angeles, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.",
    "Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC/UFMG), Hearing Health and Cochlear Implant Department, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 26,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Henrique Furlan Pauna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Vagner Antonio Rodrigues Silva",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7335-4489"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Joel Lavinsky"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Camila de Giacomo Carneiro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lucas Resende Lucinda Mangia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Signe Schuster Grasel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Roberto Miquelino de Oliveira Beck"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Márcio Cavalcante Salmito",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6316-3358"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Karen de Carvalho Lopes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Raquel Mezzalira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Paula Lobo Furtado"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "André L L Sampaio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Patrícia Mauro Mano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Cesar Bertoldo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Rogério Castro Borges de Carvalho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Lucia Joffily"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Livia Nolêto de Rezende Oliveira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Pauliana Lamounier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Fabio André Selaimen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Luiz Lavinsky"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Mauricio Noschang Lopes da Silva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Vanessa Mazanek Santos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Mariana Moreira de Castro Denaro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Rogério Hamerschmidt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Takahiro Chone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Menino Castilho"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e6ct715qa5ffp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bjorl.2026.101926",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683429",
  "id": "e6ct715qa5ffp",
  "issns": [
    "1808-8694",
    "1808-8686"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42874295",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2808|Vestibular and auditory disorders"
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  "openalex": "W7221750954",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683429?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683429",
  "pmid": "42874295",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e6ct715qa5ffp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42874295",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42874295"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2808|Vestibular and auditory disorders",
      "subfield": "neurology"
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  ],
  "title": "Task force of the Brazilian Society of Otology and the Brazilian Academy of Neurotology: Menière's Disease.",
  "title_text": "Task force of the Brazilian Society of Otology and the Brazilian Academy of Neurotology: Menière's Disease.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e6ct715qa5ffp",
  "venue": "Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology",
  "versions": []
}