{
  "abstract": "Background: Gamma entrainment using sensory stimulation (GENUS) is under study as a treatment for neurological disease, but cortical engagement is variable. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) modulates cortical state and sound-evoked beta-gamma activity, suggesting that it may strengthen responses to rhythmic sensory input. Objective: To determine whether VNS strengthens auditory steady-state responses across beta and gamma rates and whether the effect depends on cortical region and sensory drive. Methods: Electrocorticography (ECoG) was recorded from core and belt auditory cortex, insular auditory field (IAF), and anterior insular cortex (AIC) in seven isoflurane-anesthetized rats before and 90 min after initiation of 30-Hz cervical VNS. Responses to 500-ms click trains at 20 and 40 Hz were quantified using inter-trial phase clustering (ITPC), event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), and debiased weighted phase-lag index (WPLI). Results: VNS increased click-evoked P1-N1 amplitude. During 40-Hz trains, 40-Hz ITPC and ERSP increased only in auditory core. During 20-Hz trains, 20-Hz ITPC increased in core, belt, and IAF, whereas ERSP increased only in core; 40-Hz harmonic responses increased only in core. AIC showed no change. Within auditory cortex, WPLI increased selectively at frequencies present in each click train and not in the alpha band. Conclusions: VNS strengthened beta- and gamma-rate stimulus-locked responses in auditory-driven cortex without globally increasing synchrony. VNS may therefore enhance auditory cortical target engagement during GENUS, although effects on disease pathology or clinical outcomes remain untested.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.29042",
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shinichi Kumagai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tomoyo Isoguchi Shiramatsu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karin Oshima"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yohei Ishishita"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kenji Ibayashi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoshiyuki Onuki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naoto Kunii"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kensuke Kawai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hirokazu Takahashi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73p86mebm010.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.29042",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e73p86mebm010",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29042",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "q-bio.NC"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2808|Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223197924",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29042",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73p86mebm010.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:34:23Z",
      "native_id": "2610.29042",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29042"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "arxiv:q-bio.NC",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Vagus nerve stimulation strengthens beta- and gamma-rate auditory steady-state responses in rat cortex",
  "title_text": "Vagus nerve stimulation strengthens beta- and gamma-rate auditory steady-state responses in rat cortex",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73p86mebm010",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}