{
  "abstract": "Supervised psilocybin services are expanding across the United States, yet how individuals accessing these programs compare with those using psilocybin in the general population is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive comparison of Oregon Psilocybin Services (OPS) data from licensed service centers in 2025 (5,935 encounters) and the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public-use file (1,822 of 47,299 adults reporting past-year psilocybin use), examining demographics, reasons for use, self-reported disability, and past-year psychiatric conditions and treatment. OPS clients were predominantly female (58.2%) and aged 35 or older (82.1%), whereas adults reporting psilocybin use nationally were predominantly male (64.0%) and younger than 35 (56.7%). Racial and ethnic minority representation was narrower in Oregon (0.9% Black, 2.5% Hispanic vs. 5.4% and 14.3% nationally). OPS clients reported higher incomes (58.5% earning >$95,000) and primarily cited wellness; self-reported disability was uncommon. Adults using psilocybin nationally had high past-year rates of major depressive episode (22.7%), serious psychological distress (36.8%), substance use disorder (61.7%), and mental health treatment receipt (42.9%). Oregons open-access model selects higher-income, clinically stable, wellness-oriented adults, while millions with psychiatric and substance-use burden use psilocybin outside supervised channels; its safety and utilization data should not be generalized.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "G. P. A. Costa"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Riggione"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Pittenger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "J. P. De Aquino"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73t0sc3r2kkx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170v1.full",
  "id": "e73t0sc3r2kkx",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "addiction medicine"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Psychedelics and Drug Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211873425",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73t0sc3r2kkx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:53Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.03.26362170v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:addiction medicine",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Who Is Reached by Supervised Psilocybin Services? Oregon Services Versus National Psilocybin Use",
  "title_text": "Who Is Reached by Supervised Psilocybin Services? Oregon Services Versus National Psilocybin Use",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e73t0sc3r2kkx",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}