{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nSchizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition, particularly in emotion recognition and mentalizing. Although these deficits have been extensively documented, most studies rely on static, highly controlled measures and focus primarily on accuracy-based outcomes, thereby limiting ecological validity. This study aimed to examine performance and response times across static and dynamic social-cognitive measures in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, and to investigate the effects of speed instructions on emotion recognition performance.Methods\n\nIn a sample of patients with schizophrenia (n = 90) and matched healthy controls (n = 100), we evaluated social cognition through two validated measures: the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER-40) for emotion recognition and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) for mentalizing, respectively. Performance and response times were the main outcome variables.Results\n\nPatients showed worse performance and longer response times than controls on the ER-40 and MASC measures. Across the entire sample, there was a statistically significant inverse association between response time and the rate of correct answers in both ER-40 and MASC measures. Speed instructions in the ER-40 did not influence performance or response times in either group. In the MASC, patients exhibited more mentalizing errors than controls. Additionally, patients identified anger more quickly than fear or sadness, a pattern not observed in the healthy control group.Conclusions\n\nIntegrating accuracy and response time provides a comprehensive characterization of social-cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating response time and dynamic measures to enhance the ecological validity of social-cognitive assessment and suggest that future rehabilitation programs may benefit from addressing both accuracy and response speed in emotion recognition and mentalizing domains.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Servicio Cántabro de Salud. Hospital de Laredo, Laredo, Cantabria, Spain.",
    "Department of Educational Sciences, Area of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. albahergomez@gmail.com.",
    "Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain. albahergomez@gmail.com.",
    "Mental Health Research Group (MHeRG), Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.",
    "Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.",
    "Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y la Educación, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.",
    "Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry | University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.",
    "Cambridge Psychosis Centre | Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.",
    "Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.",
    "CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain.",
    "Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain / Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alicia Ruiz-Toca"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alba Hernández-Gómez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3671-4956"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nelson Andrade-González",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7746-9857"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Cristina Fernández-Aragón"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Bryan J Stiles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Emilio Fernandez-Egea"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo Lahera"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e7qps3bax8x2g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12888-026-08379-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700240",
  "id": "e7qps3bax8x2g",
  "issns": [
    "1471-244X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928192",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Schizophrenia research and treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171530298",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700240?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13700240",
  "pmid": "42928192",
  "published": "2026-07-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e7qps3bax8x2g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:20Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42928192",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928192"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Schizophrenia research and treatment",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Performance and response time in emotion recognition and mentalizing measures in patients with schizophrenia.",
  "title_text": "Performance and response time in emotion recognition and mentalizing measures in patients with schizophrenia.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e7qps3bax8x2g",
  "venue": "BMC psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}