{
  "abstract": "Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs), as a potential strategy for achieving high energy density, have garnered considerable interest recently due to their demonstrated stable cycling performance when paired with ether- or glyme-based electrolytes. Therefore, to assess the practical viability of anode-free sodium cells, we investigate here the electrochemical behavior of a sodium layered oxide Na0.85Ni0.38Zn0.04Mn0.48Ti0.1O2 (ZNMT) and a polyanionic Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) positive electrodes versus carbon-coated aluminum (ccAl) current collector using 1 M NaPF6 in diglyme as the electrolyte. Although sodium reservoir helps improving the cycling stability of ZNMT|ccAl cells, the oxidation of diglyme, even at 3.8 V, partially contributes to capacity degradation, thereby limiting the use of diglyme to low-voltage NFPP|ccAl cells (<3.5 V vs Na+/Na0). Furthermore, by combining complementary studies on NFPP|ccAl and Na|ccAl cells, we show that parasitic chemical and electrochemical reactions between metallic sodium and the electrolyte contribute to capacity fade and self-discharge during rest, with these effects becoming more pronounced at elevated temperatures. This reactivity is reduced, but still persists while replacing ccAl with Zn current collector, where NFPP|Zn cell deliver improved performance of 80% capacity retention for ~100 cycles (~1000 h) vs ~50 cycles (~500 h) for NFPP|ccAl cell. Our findings highlight both the opportunities and the intrinsic limitations of glyme-based electrolytes for anode-free sodium cells. Furthermore, we propose critical electrochemical evaluation criteria that extend beyond cycle-life metrics, enabling more meaningful comparison of anode-free cells across different electrode configurations, loadings, and operating conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Adèle Barillon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jazer Jose H. Togonon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hugo Chotard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Parth Desai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Paul Naillou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guochun Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sandrine Lyonnard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sathiya Mariyappan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e85wc55vgx3vq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6eb00155f",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "e85wc55vgx3vq",
  "issns": [
    "3033-4071"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05794661v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211986377",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05794661/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e85wc55vgx3vq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:54Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05794661",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05794661v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:0.chim",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluating the performance and practical viability of Glyme-Based Electrolytes for anode-free Na-cells",
  "title_text": "Evaluating the performance and practical viability of Glyme-Based Electrolytes for anode-free Na-cells",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/e85wc55vgx3vq",
  "venue": "EES Batteries",
  "versions": []
}