{
  "abstract": "Sensitivity is a cornerstone of early childhood mental health; however, its measurement relies heavily on tools developed in English-speaking, high-resource contexts. This systematic review identified observational and report-based instruments used to assess sensitivity in caregivers of children aged 0-6 years. It evaluated the methodological robustness and usability of these instruments within Latin American contexts. Following a systematic search in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Redalyc, 732 eligible studies were identified. Based on a frequency-of-use threshold, 16 instruments (14 observational and 2 report-based) represented across 616 papers were selected for in-depth evaluation. Measures were coded for theoretical alignment with Ainsworth's sensitivity definition, psychometric evidence, and usability-specifically training accessibility, administration complexity, and evidence of use with diverse Latin American populations (e.g., caregivers in rural settings or with lower educational levels). Results revealed that only a minority of measures adhered explicitly to Ainsworth's original definition. Most instruments prioritized warmth and positive affect, potentially leading to cross-cultural underdetection in contexts where responsiveness is expressed through proximity and routine-based care. While observational tools predominated, report-based measures showed limited validation and minimal regional use. These findings highlight the urgent need for culturally grounded validation and the development of accessible training programs for the region.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru."
  ],
  "article_type": "systematic review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Olenka Retiz",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0146-1039"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katherine Fourment",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5033-6619"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lucía Marquez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Magaly Noblega"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ea9qej1m3mqna.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/imhj.70120",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695515",
  "id": "ea9qej1m3mqna",
  "issns": [
    "0163-9641",
    "1097-0355"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42925552",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223459136",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695515?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695515",
  "pmid": "42925552",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ea9qej1m3mqna.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:32Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42925552",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42925552"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3203|Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A systematic review of observational and report-based measures of caregiver sensitivity: A Latin American perspective.",
  "title_text": "A systematic review of observational and report-based measures of caregiver sensitivity: A Latin American perspective.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ea9qej1m3mqna",
  "venue": "Infant mental health journal",
  "versions": []
}