{
  "abstract": "Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen and poses significant threats to animal production and public health. Enrofloxacin is widely used to treat gastrointestinal infections in chickens because of its favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. However, the increasing prevalence of reduced susceptibility to enrofloxacin has become a growing concern. This study aimed to establish susceptibility breakpoints for enrofloxacin against chicken–origin Salmonella and to optimize the corresponding dosing regimen. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined for 187 Salmonella isolates following CLSI guidelines, and the epidemiological cutoff (COWT) was established at 4 μg/mL. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using literature–derived data, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the pharmacodynamic targets. The plasma–based pharmacodynamic cutoff (COPD) was determined to be 0.125 μg/mL via POP–PK modeling and 0.25 μg/mL via Monte Carlo simulation, while the cecal content–based COPD was 8 μg/mL. Clinical efficacy studies established a clinical cutoff (COCL) of 1 μg/mL. On the basis of these results, the final susceptibility breakpoints for enrofloxacin against chicken–origin Salmonella were determined to be 4 μg/mL for plasma and 1 μg/mL for cecal contents. An optimized dosing regimen of 4.25 – 4.77 mg/kg body weight administered orally twice daily for three consecutive days is recommended to achieve effective bacterial clearance while minimizing resistance development. In conclusion, this study provides the first comprehensive set of enrofloxacin breakpoints specifically for chicken‑origin Salmonella in China, integrating microbiological, PK‑PD, and clinical data. The proposed breakpoints and dosing regimen offer a practical tool for resistance surveillance, guide evidence‑based antimicrobial use in poultry, and serve as a methodological reference for establishing national veterinary breakpoints, thereby supporting global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China",
    "National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China",
    "MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China",
    "MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lei Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cheng Yang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meixia Huo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hanyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuanhu Pan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yanfei Tao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lingli Huang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eamkzz1rkh08j.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.psj.2026.107767",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13735275/",
  "id": "eamkzz1rkh08j",
  "issns": [
    "0032-5791",
    "1525-3171"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107767",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Full-Length Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1106|Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214167971",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579126013994/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13735275",
  "pmid": "42950477",
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eamkzz1rkh08j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:20:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13735275",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107767"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:1103|Animal Nutrition and Physiology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Population pharmacokinetic model–based determination of enrofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints and dosing regimens for Salmonella in chickens",
  "title_text": "Population pharmacokinetic model–based determination of enrofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints and dosing regimens for Salmonella in chickens",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:20:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eamkzz1rkh08j",
  "venue": "Poultry Science",
  "versions": []
}