{
  "abstract": "Replication stress (RS) is a process characterized by impaired DNA replication, resulting in the slowing down or arrest of replication forks (RFs) and in the activation of the DNA damage response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposures of Allium cepa root meristematic cells to hydroxyurea (HU) at concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM on cell nucleus morphology, DNA replication dynamics, mitotic activity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2∙−). Furthermore, to assess epigenetic changes associated with DNA damage, the level of acetylation of lysine 56 of histone H3 (H3K56Ac) was analyzed. It was demonstrated that incubation of roots in 1 mM HU leads to the appearance of so-called interphase–mitotic (I-M) cells. Furthermore, as the HU concentration increased, inhibition of mitotic activity, a slowing down or partial inhibition of DNA replication, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed. Furthermore, after 24 and 48 h of incubation with 1, 2 and 3 mM HU, a similar increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of H3K56Ac was observed, with the highest intensity recorded following treatment with 4 mM HU. Prolongation of the incubation time with the inhibitor to 72 and 96 h led to a further increase in fluorescence in the cell nuclei. The obtained results indicate that the increase in H3K56Ac levels may be associated with the accumulation of DNA damage under conditions of prolonged exposure to HU.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland",
    "Department of Pathomorphology, Synevo, 90-236 Łódź, Poland"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aneta Żabka",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6401-2068"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Natalia Gocek-Szczurtek",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5484-2340"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mateusz Wróblewski",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9656-4967"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Klaudia Cieślak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9380-9030"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Justyna Teresa Polit",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9655-001X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eaq1vq2q3z9z5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219995",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "eaq1vq2q3z9z5",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9995",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-07",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eaq1vq2q3z9z5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219995",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9995"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Role of Long-Term DNA Replication Stress Induced by Hydroxyurea in Meristematic Root Cells of Allium cepa",
  "title_text": "The Role of Long-Term DNA Replication Stress Induced by Hydroxyurea in Meristematic Root Cells of Allium cepa",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eaq1vq2q3z9z5",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}