{
  "abstract": "Pigs are suspected to act as a reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and may therefore contribute to the re-emergence of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), despite ongoing efforts to eliminate transmission. To clarify the role of this species in HAT epidemiology and to better understand the dynamics of T. b. gambiense infection in blood, we experimentally infected pigs with this parasite. In this study, we compared nine infected pigs with eight control pigs over a period of more than ten months using parasitological, molecular, and serological methods. The results showed that each diagnostic method has limitations, in terms of sensitivity to detect the presence of T. b. gambiense, and specificity to differentiate infection caused by T. b. gambiense from infection caused by T. b. brucei, responsible for animal African trypanosomosis. Nevertheless, the overall analysis showed that pigs can remain infected with T. b. gambiense for at least ten months. Hence, pigs should be considered a potential long-term reservoir of T. b. gambiense that could compromise the sustainability of the current elimination process. As a result, there is a need to pursue investigations on this topic, considering possible co-infections with T. b. brucei. In the meantime, adapted measures should be envisaged to limit contact between pigs and tsetse flies and/or to clear potential pig infections with T. b. gambiense by curative treatment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide, 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso - Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences et Techniques, Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP, 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso.",
    "Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, 01 BP, 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire - INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, 34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France - CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, 34398 Montpellier, France.",
    "INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, 34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France - CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, 34398 Montpellier, France.",
    "Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, 01 BP, 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.",
    "Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide, 01 BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.",
    "Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Guinea, Route de Donka, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea.",
    "INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, 34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.",
    "Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP, 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso.",
    "INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, 34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France - CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, 34398 Montpellier, France - Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31300 Toulouse, France.",
    "Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, 01 BP, 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire - INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, 34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kouka Zoéwentallé Thibaut Ouédraogo",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6223-1018"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jacques Kabore"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kadidiata Ilboudo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alain Boulangé",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8505-7465"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Thevenon",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6059-5884"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Robert Eustache Hounyeme",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-6129"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hassane Sakandé"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Bamba"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Geoffrey Gimonneau",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0613-841X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Brice Rotureau",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0671-8999"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Mathieu Bart"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Adrien Gaston Marie Belem",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7405-1626"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Bruno Bucheton",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3804-5426"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Marc Desquesnes",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7665-2422"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "David Berthier-Teyssedre"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Veerle Lejon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6795-0962"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Jamonneau",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8427-0769"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecm1xm59n2qvq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1051/parasite/2026061",
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  "language": "eng",
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  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "EDP Sciences",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.mp",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
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  "title": "Experimental evidence for pigs as a potential long-term reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.",
  "title_text": "Experimental evidence for pigs as a potential long-term reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:20:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecm1xm59n2qvq",
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