{
  "abstract": "IntroductionDrawing on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this longitudinal study examined the prospective associations between gaming motives and Gaming Disorder (GD) among adolescents. Specifically, we investigated whether gratification-oriented motives (Fantasy, Identity) predict subsequent GD symptoms and whether compensation-oriented motives (Coping, Escape, Introjected Regulation) emerge as consequences of GD.MethodsData were collected from 120 secondary-school gamers at two time points separated by a three-month interval. Cross-lagged panel models were estimated separately for each gaming motive–GD pair to examine the directionality of associations over time.ResultsThe findings supported the gratification hypothesis, as higher baseline Fantasy and Identity motives predicted increased GD symptoms at follow-up. A bidirectional association emerged between Fantasy and GD, whereas higher initial GD symptoms predicted a subsequent decline in Identity motives. The compensation hypothesis received partial support: GD prospectively predicted increases in Coping and Introjected Regulation, while no significant cross-lagged associations were observed for Escape.DiscussionThese findings suggest that gratification-oriented motives may contribute to the early development of GD, whereas increasing GD symptoms may reinforce specific compensation-oriented motives. The results highlight distinct, motive-specific dynamics in adolescent gaming and underscore the importance of distinguishing between gratification and compensation processes. From a practical perspective, assessing Fantasy and Identity motives as potential risk indicators and addressing emerging Coping and Introjected Regulation motives may inform more targeted school-based prevention and intervention strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland",
    "Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sylwia Starzec"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aleksandra Zajas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Natalia Michałkiewicz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Patrycja Kiszka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lidia Kowalska"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Paweł Strojny"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecw9hb6jy9nh8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938/full",
  "id": "ecw9hb6jy9nh8",
  "issns": [
    "1664-0640"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC435-571"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3312|Impact of Technology on Adolescents"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7223417372",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13739800",
  "pmid": "42996338",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecw9hb6jy9nh8.ris",
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      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938"
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      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1938938/full"
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996338"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:RC435-571",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gratification vs. compensation: longitudinal evidence for the shifting motivations behind adolescent gaming disorder",
  "title_text": "Gratification vs. compensation: longitudinal evidence for the shifting motivations behind adolescent gaming disorder",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecw9hb6jy9nh8",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}