{
  "abstract": "Fixed nutrient recipes often overlook developmental shifts in uptake and the coupling between transpiration and ion delivery. We tested a transpiration-driven mass-balance framework to predict nutrient replenishment during the reproductive phase in two cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. (CJ2, First Light). Plants received a solution prepared from a constant recipe; water use was tracked gravimetrically, leachate was periodically sampled, and organs were harvested for ICP–OES/flow injection analysis and biomass composite partitioning. Water-use efficiency (WUE) peaked at 4.5 g L ⁻¹ in CJ2 and 3.4 g L ⁻¹ in First Light, while solution drawdown of N, P, and K declined from early to late flowering. Leachate chemistry resolved cultivar- and stage-dependent transitions between net nutrient removal (net removal) from solution and net accumulation above input. In First Light, N shifted from 130 mg L ⁻¹ net removal to +109 mg L ⁻¹ enrichment and K from 192 mg L ⁻¹ net removal to +195 mg L ⁻¹ enrichment; in CJ2, N ranged from 90 mg L ⁻¹ net removal to +101 mg L ⁻¹ enrichment and K from 102 mg L ⁻¹ net removal to +195 mg L ⁻¹ enrichment. Phosphorus differences were smaller (First Light: 58 to 13 mg L ⁻¹ ; CJ2: 42 mg L ⁻¹ removal to +2 mg L ⁻¹ enrichment). Mg net removal was greater in First Light than CJ2 (37 vs. 16 mg L ⁻¹ ). Significant cultivar main effects were detected for P, K, Ca, and Fe (p ≤ 0.05), whereas significant date x cultivar interactions were detected for Mg and Mn (p ≤ 0.05). Across the four harvest intervals retained for mass-balance comparison, biomass-weighted predictors frequently produced the lowest absolute percent deviation (APD), although performance was element- and cultivar-dependent. Single-organ tissue element concentrations misrepresented whole-plant replenishment estimates: leaf Ca and Mg increased while leaf N declined, flowers and roots accumulated P, and stems and roots diverged in K. Predicted input concentrations derived from organ biomass-weighted tissue elemental content improved the alignment between replenishment estimates and measured net solution removal. Biomass-weighted means excluding floral tissue predicted most element replenishment amounts well and performed most consistently in CJ2, whereas biomass-weighted means including all organs more frequently minimized APD in First Light, with absolute percent deviations<10–13%. Collectively, these results indicate that reproductive-phase nutrition in Cannabis sativa L. is well represented by a flux-based mass-balance replenishment framework informed by organ biomass-weighted nutrient composition.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kit Powell"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "William L. Bauerle"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecxqr86shy4mr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711131",
  "id": "ecxqr86shy4mr",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221587975",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711131",
  "pmid": "42948367",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecxqr86shy4mr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948367",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948367"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711131",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1955837"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Predicting reproductive-phase nutrient replenishment in Cannabis sativa L. via a transpiration-driven mass-balance framework",
  "title_text": "Predicting reproductive-phase nutrient replenishment in Cannabis sativa L. via a transpiration-driven mass-balance framework",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ecxqr86shy4mr",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}