{
  "abstract": "Windowless gas targets avoid the beam-energy loss and straggling introduced by entrance foils and are therefore well suited for direct measurements of low-energy nuclear reactions. A windowless gas-target system designed for operation with milliampere beams has been developed for the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics facility (JUNA). The system combines three-stage differential pumping, closed-loop gas recovery and purification, a constant-temperature power-compensation calorimeter, and a position-resolved target-thickness monitor based on secondary elastic scattering. Stable operation was achieved over a target-pressure range of 1-3 mbar, with pressure fluctuations below 1% during 8 h of continuous circulation, while the accelerator-side pressure was maintained at approximately \\(10^{-4}\\) Pa. The closed-loop gas-circulation system maintained stable target conditions, while gas-transport calculations indicated that the axial pressure nonuniformity remained within approximately 1.6% under representative operating conditions. Calorimeter measurements were consistent with the thermal calculations, supporting the sensitivity correction used for beam-power determination. Beam commissioning with \\(^{14}\\mathrm{N}(p,γ)^{15}\\mathrm{O}\\) and \\(^{12}\\mathrm{C}(p,γ)^{13}\\mathrm{N}\\) at the 600 kV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator of the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) demonstrated stable operation of the gas-target and \\(γ\\)-ray detection systems and provided information on the influences of reaction position and beam heating. These results demonstrate the operating stability and diagnostic capability of the system for future high-current, low-energy nuclear-reaction measurements at JUNA.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.08782",
  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xuyang Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fuqiang Cao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weike Nan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gang Lian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wei Nan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hongwei Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuchen Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jingyu Dong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Minghao Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuwen Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yihui Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jinlong Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yueran Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jie Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yunju Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shengquan Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Youbao Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiao Fang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luohuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yangping Shen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bing Guo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weiping Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "JUNA collaboration"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edewt9xb027fn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.08782",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "edewt9xb027fn",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08782",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Nuclear physics research studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212053615",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08782",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edewt9xb027fn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:12Z",
      "native_id": "2609.08782",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08782"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Design and commissioning of a windowless gas-target system for high-current beams at JUNA",
  "title_text": "Design and commissioning of a windowless gas-target system for high-current beams at JUNA",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edewt9xb027fn",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}