{
  "abstract": "Early detection of outbreaks and emerging pathogens is critical for public health and global biosecurity. Airports, as major international travel hubs with dense, enclosed populations, are high-risk settings for disease transmission and potential pathogen introduction. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with Ginkgo Biosecurity and the University of Wisconsin–Madison, implemented air monitoring for pathogen surveillance in congregate areas at four U.S. international airports. From October 2023 to August 2024, SARS-CoV-2 was detected by PCR in 98.3% of air samples and influenza A in 17.2%. Influenza A positivity in air samples correlated with aviation wastewater (r = 0.48), traveler nasal swab positivity (r = 0.73), and national clinical surveillance (r = 0.86), whereas SARS-CoV-2 measurements did not correlate significantly across these modalities. Targeted amplicon sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from air samples identified contemporaneous lineages also detected in wastewater collected from the same airports. Targeted enrichment sequencing detected 30 viral species and recovered high-quality genomes for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, bocavirus, and seasonal coronaviruses. Together, these findings demonstrate that air sampling can complement aviation wastewater surveillance at ports of entry, although performance and concordance vary by pathogen and sample type.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Ginkgo Biosecurity, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America",
    "Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America",
    "Friedman Global Health and Biosecurity, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America",
    "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America",
    "Department of Public Safety, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Dallas, Texas, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dawn Gratalo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cindy R. Friedman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Valerie J. Morley"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xueting Qiu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ian Ruskey"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew P. Rothstein"
    },
    {
      "name": "Patrick B. Tiburcio"
    },
    {
      "name": "Casandra W. Philipson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas W. S. Aichele"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen M. Bart"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dustin Jaynes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Birgitte B. Simen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shelby L. O’Connor"
    },
    {
      "name": "David H. O’Connor"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edk45rqws0kx6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pgph.0006810",
  "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006810",
  "id": "edk45rqws0kx6",
  "issns": [
    "2767-3375"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics/Animal genomics/Bird genomics"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Coronaviruses/SARS coronavirus/SARS CoV 2"
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      "/Engineering and technology/Civil engineering/Transportation infrastructure/Airports"
    ],
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      "/Engineering and technology/Transportation/Transportation infrastructure/Airports"
    ],
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Infectious disease control/Infectious disease surveillance"
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Viral diseases/Influenza"
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Coronaviruses/SARS coronavirus/SARS CoV 2"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Orthomyxoviruses/Influenza viruses/Influenza A virus"
    ],
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      "plos",
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  "openalex": "W7212014475",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006810&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edk45rqws0kx6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pgph.0006810",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0006810"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:genomics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
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      "origin": "plos:infectious diseases",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
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  "title": "Multimodal genomic surveillance for respiratory pathogens at four U.S. international airports: A comparison of air, wastewater, clinical, and national surveillance data",
  "title_text": "Multimodal genomic surveillance for respiratory pathogens at four U.S. international airports: A comparison of air, wastewater, clinical, and national surveillance data",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/edk45rqws0kx6",
  "venue": "PLOS Global Public Health",
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}