{
  "abstract": "Variation in primate olfactory receptor gene repertoires has been linked to shared ecological and sensory drivers, including diet, diurnality, and colour vision. Yet within anthropoids, each link rests on a single lineage, leaving unclear whether this variation reflects a shared response to these drivers or lineage-specific histories. Here, we combine genomic data from 80 New World monkey species with CT-based olfactory anatomy and ecological data to investigate the evolutionary processes underlying repertoire variation. Ecological and sensory variables explain little of this variation; even routinely trichromatic, leaf-eating howler monkeys have repertoires of unremarkable size. Instead, convergent reductions in repertoire size arose through distinct genomic routes: extensive gene inactivation in titi monkeys and large structural deletions in squirrel monkeys. Owl monkeys, the only anthropoids that reverted to nocturnality, retained rather than expanded a large ancestral repertoire shared with diurnal capuchins, and instead enlarged their olfactory bulb. Repertoire size covaries with olfactory bulb volume across the radiation, but only partially within lineages: squirrel monkeys show the converse, losing receptors without a matching bulb reduction. Thus, olfactory evolution in New World monkeys reflects historical contingency rather than a shared response, with convergent changes in repertoire size and partial decoupling of genomic and anatomical evolution.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "CONICET. Unidad de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (ENyS), Hospital El Cruce, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina."
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "J. B. Romero"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. I. Perez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "L. Aristide"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eejbmage8ah2z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.11.05.764729",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764729v1.full",
  "id": "eejbmage8ah2z",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764729v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "evolutionary biology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764729v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eejbmage8ah2z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T00:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.11.05.764729",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764729v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:evolutionary biology",
      "subfield": "evolutionary-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lineage-specific histories rather than shared drivers shape olfactory evolution in New World monkeys",
  "title_text": "Lineage-specific histories rather than shared drivers shape olfactory evolution in New World monkeys",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eejbmage8ah2z",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}