{
  "abstract": "Scale inhibitors are widely used to control inorganic deposition in oil and gas production, but their laboratory evaluation is often performed under aerated conditions that may not adequately represent iron-containing brines. In this study, a modified Tube Block Test methodology was developed for dynamic scale-inhibition testing under controlled dissolved-oxygen conditions. Brines were prepared and transferred under a controlled atmosphere, and dissolved O2 concentrations ranging from 8500 to <10 μg/L were evaluated at 65 and 120 °C in tests lasting up to 6 h. A commercially available phosphonate-based inhibitor was used as an industry-qualified benchmark. The results indicated that dissolved oxygen strongly affected precipitation behavior and apparent inhibitor performance. At 65 °C under aerated conditions, the presence of iron substantially accelerated capillary blockage, whereas negligible differential-pressure variation was observed in the corresponding iron-free control. At 120 °C, rapid blockage also occurred in the iron-free control, consistent with an increased contribution from CaCO3 deposition. Reducing dissolved O2 to <10 μg/L delayed blockage in iron-containing brines and improved the apparent performance of the commercial inhibitor. Under oxygen-controlled conditions, the inhibitor at 250 mg/L maintained the differential-pressure increase below 1 psi throughout the 6 h test. These findings show that dissolved-oxygen control is essential for distinguishing iron-related interference from carbonate-scaling behavior during dynamic inhibitor qualification. The proposed methodology provides a reproducible approach for extended-duration evaluation of scale inhibitors in iron-containing brines under field-relevant operating conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , , ,",
    "Shell Brasil Petroleo LTDA , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hugo N. S. Barros",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6242-4373"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaio A. B. Pereira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Matheus V. Oliveira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aghata P. Felipe"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amaro L. G. O. A. Machado"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gustavo B. Silva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juliana M. F. Façanha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luiz C. M. Palermo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Claudia R. E. Mansur"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eeykccjjhbyz7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08998",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670308/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "eeykccjjhbyz7",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670308",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2502|Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215029196",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670308/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13670308",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eeykccjjhbyz7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13670308",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670308"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08998",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/40/62177/5443541/Oxygen-Controlled-Dynamic-Evaluation-of-CaCO3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2502|Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Oxygen-Controlled Dynamic Evaluation of CaCO3 Scale Inhibitors in Iron-Containing Brines",
  "title_text": "Oxygen-Controlled Dynamic Evaluation of CaCO3 Scale Inhibitors in Iron-Containing Brines",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eeykccjjhbyz7",
  "venue": "ACS omega",
  "versions": []
}