{
  "abstract": "We investigate the gravitational $D$-form factors of the nucleon and pion within an extended linear sigma model (eLSM) that incorporates both two-quark and four-quark states, as well as nucleon fields. Within the scalar-meson-dominance picture, we find that meson mixing between two-quark and four-quark states suppresses the nucleon $D$-form factor and leads to agreement with the lattice-QCD results. Interestingly, a quantitatively similar suppression was previously found in the parity doublet model (PDM) as a consequence of a nonzero chiral invariant component of the nucleon mass. This suggests that the effects of meson mixing and the chiral invariant mass are difficult to distinguish from the nucleon $D$-form factor alone. We therefore examine the pion $D$-form factor in the chiral limit. While its value in the forward limit remains fixed at $-1$ in both the eLSM and the PDM, meson mixing modifies its momentum-transfer dependence. In contrast, the chiral invariant mass does not directly affect the pion $D$-form factor. These results suggest that a combined analysis of the nucleon and pion $D$-form factors can provide further insight into the mass decomposition of the nucleon and the quark composition of mesons.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.01396",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mamiya Kawaguchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yao Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong-Liang Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eg9pk57gy1ect.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.01396",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "eg9pk57gy1ect",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01396",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-lat"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215995151",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01396",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eg9pk57gy1ect.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:03Z",
      "native_id": "2610.01396",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01396"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-lat",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:nucl-th",
      "subfield": "nuclear"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion with mixing between two-quark and four-quark states",
  "title_text": "Gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion with mixing between two-quark and four-quark states",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eg9pk57gy1ect",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}