{
  "abstract": "Ganjam virus (GANV) is a tick-borne zoonotic arbovirus that has been reported in India. It is the Asian variant of Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), which causes significant morbidity and mortality in small ruminants. Sero-surveillance for GANV-specific antibodies among animals is relevant for identifying risk maps and implementing control strategies. In this study, we describe the development and evaluation of a recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) based indirect-ELISA for detecting GANV specific IgG antibodies in sheep and goat populations. A full-length NP gene encoding for recombinant NP protein (516 aa, 57 kDa) was cloned, over-expressed, and purified from Escherichia coli under denaturing conditions using affinity chromatography. The checker board titration method determined the optimum antigen concentration of 200 ng/well and a test serum dilution of 1:50 with an appropriate species-specific HRPO conjugate. Evaluation of the optimal cut-off criterion by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall analyses revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.999 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.964–1.000], positive predictive value of 1.000 and F1 score of 0.9691 against the cut off criterion of > 32 PP in sheep and goats. Repeatability of the assay revealed the intra-assay % CV of 4.61 and inter-assay % CV of 12.51, which are within the accepted criteria of 10% and 15%, respectively. In addition, the assay demonstrated a reliable detection limit of up to 1:400, with no cross-reactivity with sera specific to major sheep and goat diseases. Further, the diagnostic performance of the iELISA through Bayesian two-test analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of 96% and diagnostic specificity of 93%. Furthermore, screening of randomly collected sheep ( n = 311) and goat ( n = 547) sera revealed a GANV specific sero-positivity of 20.58% and 31.08%, respectively, among the small ruminant population of Odisha state, India. In conclusion, the developed GANV-rNP-iELISA could be potentially used in the screening of a large number of small ruminants’ serum samples to better understand the potential risk to public health in the region.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Suresh Bindu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mandrira Ramakrishna Namrutha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Roopa Anandamurthy Hemanth"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anand Shirisha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pillenahalli Sadashivappa Pooja"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohammed Mudassar Chanda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Divakar Hemadri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ehk9gxye5z5hk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-71680-2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ehk9gxye5z5hk",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71680-2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Viral Infections and Vectors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220848580",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71680-2_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ehk9gxye5z5hk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-71680-2",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71680-2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Viral Infections and Vectors",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and evaluation of indirect-ELISA based on recombinant nucleoprotein for detection of Ganjam virus (GANV) specific antibodies in small ruminants",
  "title_text": "Development and evaluation of indirect-ELISA based on recombinant nucleoprotein for detection of Ganjam virus (GANV) specific antibodies in small ruminants",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ehk9gxye5z5hk",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}