{
  "abstract": "Antibiotics are believed to affect host physiology by altering the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear which effects of antibiotics are microbiota dependent and which are microbiota independent. Here we present a resource encompassing host and microbiota responses to antibiotic treatment and a computational tool with which to analyse them. Metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses of conventional and germ-free mice revealed that antibiotic administration routes and their combinations affect host and microbiota responses. We developed CompoRes—a computational tool that distinguishes the microbiota-independent impact of antibiotic-induced perturbations, revealing that antibiotics directly impact host physiology. We found that diurnal expression of major histocompatibility complex class II in the mouse colon is controlled by glucose via feeding. This pattern was lost during antibiotic treatment as vancomycin altered feeding behaviour in a microbiota-independent and evolutionarily conserved manner. Together, our study establishes a direct, non-microbial pathway by which antibiotics reshape host immunity and circadian physiology.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel",
    "Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel",
    "Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel",
    "Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel",
    "Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 25,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lilach Zelik",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-3980-4491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yehonatan Levin",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8888-6371"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jasmin Sawaed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shahar Telpaz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2469-8744"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mor Zigdon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meital Nuriel-Ohayon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elad Rubin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ateret Gordon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zheniya Mogilevski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amit Yehuda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aya Awad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hanaa Shaalan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shira Ben-Simon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sonia Modilevsky",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7120-5132"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Naama"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jay Dalvi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lelyan Moadi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marina Kurtz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shira Perez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sondra Turjeman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5224-1215"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Michal Werbner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Soliman Khatib"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Omry Koren",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7738-1337"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amir Erez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2320-4984"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shai Bel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7166-4870"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ej23h6wv8bse5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41564-026-02453-w",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13739730/",
  "id": "ej23h6wv8bse5",
  "issns": [
    "2058-5276"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02453-w",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Resource"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "1312|Gut microbiota and health"
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  "openalex": "W7222976967",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-026-02453-w.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13739730",
  "pmid": "42897202",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ej23h6wv8bse5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:21:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13739730",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02453-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Gut microbiota and health",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Disentangling microbiota-dependent and -independent impacts of antibiotics on host physiology",
  "title_text": "Disentangling microbiota-dependent and -independent impacts of antibiotics on host physiology",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ej23h6wv8bse5",
  "venue": "Nature Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}