{
  "abstract": "We recently proposed a framework for the steady mass flux of particles through circular apertures [R.~S.~Sharma \\textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{136}, 068204 (2026)]. Here, we combine experiments and discrete-element simulations of spherical particles discharging through triangular and rectangular apertures to test this framework beyond circular openings. Despite changes in aperture shape, we observe a similar free-fall flux, with a modified relevant transport length. Deviations due to confinement reflect packing modifications, which are explained by geometry. A boundary layer dilation imposed by the aperture edge is shown to be a mechanism for the decrease of flux across various aperture shapes. By integrating the local packing deficit over the opening, we identify a hydraulic diameter $D_h=4A/P$, where $A$ and $P$ are the aperture area and perimeter, respectively, as the leading confinement length. This length also provides a reference scale, $\\sqrt{gD_h}$, for the mean outlet velocity when the aperture is much larger than an individual particle. The same local packing model predicts the field in a lens-shaped aperture without further fitting, while the normalized discharge rates follow a common trend across the tested shapes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.02543",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Kevin Yifan Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ram Sudhir Sharma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexandre Leonelli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eckart Meiburg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alban Sauret"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ekxc36r0entjf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.02543",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ekxc36r0entjf",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02543",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.soft"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2206|Granular flow and fluidized beds"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220380485",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.02543",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ekxc36r0entjf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:45Z",
      "native_id": "2610.02543",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02543"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.soft",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Steady granular discharge across aperture shapes",
  "title_text": "Steady granular discharge across aperture shapes",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ekxc36r0entjf",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}