{
  "abstract": "Wildlife trade is a major driver of biodiversity loss, yet how trade interacts with species’ ecological traits and extinction risk remains underexplored. Carnivores warrant special attention because they are disproportionately exploited and vulnerable to extinction compared to other taxa. We analyzed 171,637 international trade records spanning 50 years (1975–2024) for 129 carnivore species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We analyzed trade volumes across the globe and then used logistic regression to evaluate associations between ecological traits and extinction risk, as well as family-level differences in extinction risk. Trade volumes were dominated by exports from North America and Europe and imports concentrated in East Asia, highlighting persistent transcontinental trade. Logistic regression identified longer generation length and greater dispersal distance as positively associated with higher extinction risk, whereas broader habitat breadth was associated with lower extinction risk. Among carnivore families, only Ursidae (bears) exhibited significantly greater odds of being threatened relative to the Canidae (canids) reference family. Our findings demonstrate that ecological traits are associated with extinction risk within CITES-listed carnivores, supporting the use of trait-based approaches as a complementary tool for conservation assessment and monitoring of internationally traded species.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Ingeniería en Biotecnología-Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, San Mateo Cuanalá, Juan C. Bonilla, C.P 72640, Puebla, Mexico",
    "Tecnológico Nacional de México campus Zacapoaxtla. Subdirección de Investigación y Posgrado, División de Biología, Carretera Acuaco-Zacapoaxtla Km. 8, Col. Totoltepec, Zacapoaxtla, C.P. 73680, Puebla, Mexico",
    "Red Nacional en Tecnologías Ambientales y Biotecnológicas para los Ecosistemas, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Puebla, Mexico",
    "Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America",
    "School of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom",
    "IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Erik Joaquín Torres-Romero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maximilian L. Allen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Nijman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Moreno Di Marco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Christopher J. O’Bryan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Vincenzo Penteriani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/engchjbwx2a9y.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362196",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "engchjbwx2a9y",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362196",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Conservation biology/Species extinction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Ecology/Community ecology/Trophic interactions/Carnivory"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Ecology/Ecological metrics/Extinction risk"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary processes/Species extinction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Mammals/Eutheria/Carnivora"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Wildlife"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population metrics/Population density"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Mammals/Eutheria/Carnivora"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Wildlife"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Conservation science"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Conservation science/Conservation biology/Species extinction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology/Community ecology/Trophic interactions/Carnivory"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology/Ecological metrics/Extinction risk"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Economics/Commerce/International trade"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/engchjbwx2a9y.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:20:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362196",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362196"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:conservation biology",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ecological traits predict extinction risk of the world’s traded carnivores",
  "title_text": "Ecological traits predict extinction risk of the world’s traded carnivores",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/engchjbwx2a9y",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}