{
  "abstract": "Nicotine exposure can disrupt redox homeostasis and damage the male reproductive system. This study evaluated short-term nicotine-associated systemic and testicular changes and examined whether concurrent silymarin treatment attenuated these alterations. Twenty-eight adult male Swiss albino mice were randomized to control, nicotine, silymarin, and nicotine plus silymarin groups (n = 7 each). Nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) were administered intraperitoneally for seven days. Whole-blood glutathione, plasma malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, paraoxonase-1, total sialic acid, lipid profile, caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa B, testicular redox markers, and testicular histomorphology were assessed. Nicotine was associated with lower blood glutathione and plasma superoxide dismutase and paraoxonase-1 activities, higher plasma malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, total sialic acid, caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa B values, and an unfavorable testicular redox profile (all p < 0.001). Degenerative changes were also observed in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. Concurrent silymarin treatment attenuated most biochemical alterations and was associated with less severe histological injury, although several markers did not fully return to control values. These findings support a partial protective association under the conditions tested; reproductive function was not directly assessed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Türkiye",
    "Department of Pathology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, 10100 Balıkesir, Türkiye",
    "Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Türkiye",
    "Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27100 Gaziantep, Türkiye",
    "Emergency Department, Terme State Hospital, 55600 Samsun, Türkiye",
    "Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Gazi University, 06170 Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Söke Health Services Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Türkiye",
    "Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdulsamed Kükürt",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3603-0506"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahmut Karapehlivan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0408-534X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hasan Özen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6820-2536"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "İnan Kaya",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2900-4067"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tolga Kasacı",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6010-2170"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Haci Ahmet Deveci",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3862-1991"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Elnare Cevad Erkan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4061-3277"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Metin Öğün",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2599-8589"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Ayla Özcan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6442-8047"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ömer Faruk Başer",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7201-4490"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Recai Aci",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1517-3356"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hilmi Nuhoğlu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enprppqqq4p5x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31203779",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707733/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "enprppqqq4p5x",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3779",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2743|Sperm and Testicular Function"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223179804",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707733/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707733",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enprppqqq4p5x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31203779",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3779"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:47Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707733",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707733"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2743|Sperm and Testicular Function",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Silymarin Attenuates Nicotine-Associated Testicular Degeneration and Systemic Oxidative and Inflammatory Changes in Mice",
  "title_text": "Silymarin Attenuates Nicotine-Associated Testicular Degeneration and Systemic Oxidative and Inflammatory Changes in Mice",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enprppqqq4p5x",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}