{
  "abstract": "Hydrogel nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties are increasingly gaining attention to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this research, we presented the development of polyamidoxime–sodium alginate (PAO-SA)-based hydrogel beads that were developed as a platform for the incorporation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Two different strategies were employed to incorporate the CuO NPs: encapsulation, PAO-SA/CuO (enc) in which a relatively higher concentration of CuO NPs was localized in the core than in the shell of the hydrogel beads, and surface incorporation PAO-SA/CuO (sup) in which the CuO NPs were predominantly localized in the shell. The prepared CuO NPs and nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, AAS, XRD, TGA, FESEM-EDS, and HR-TEM methods. The antimicrobial activity of the CuO NP-containing PAO–SA hydrogel nanocomposites was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The synthesized CuO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial properties, with MIC and MBC values of 125 and 250 mg/L for S. aureus and E. Coli, respectively. Furthermore, bacterial growth kinetics demonstrate that the surface-supported PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposite exhibits superior antibacterial efficacy compared to its encapsulated counterpart. The in silico cytotoxicity was calculated; the IC50 values were approximately 24.4 mg L−1 for A549, 22.3 mg L−1 for BEAS-2B, 28.3 mg L−1 for MRC-5, and 40.5 mg L−1 for HaCaT. Overall, these results indicate that the predicted IC50 values are within a comparable range to the experimentally reported values for CuO nanoparticles. These results indicate that surface incorporation of CuO NPs into PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposites can be used effectively as an antimicrobial material to address bacterial AMR.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 747, Talca 3460000, Chile",
    "Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466000, Chile",
    "Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466000, Chile",
    "Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile",
    "Center for Advancing Agri-Food System Transformation (CA2FST), Talca 3460000, Chile",
    "Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 747, Talca 3460000, Chile",
    "Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar",
    "Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Yelahanka, Rajanukunte, Bangalore 560119, Karnataka, India",
    "Department of Chemistry, Tagore Engineering College, Rathinamangalam, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Juan José Andrade Sepúlveda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Radha Devi Pyarasani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3599-6050"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Verónica Carrasco Sánchez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Samira Hozhabr Araghi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jaime Tapia",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-9999-724X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2730-6483"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Saravanan Chandrasekaran",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3865-1741"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Pandian Lakshmanan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "John Amalraj",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1872-5133"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/envanma7jmd0w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/polym18212712",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "envanma7jmd0w",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4360"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2712",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/envanma7jmd0w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/polym18212712",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2712"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2073-4360",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Synthesis and Characterization of CuO NPs Integrated Polyamidoxime–Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applications",
  "title_text": "Synthesis and Characterization of CuO NPs Integrated Polyamidoxime–Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/envanma7jmd0w",
  "venue": "Polymers",
  "versions": []
}