{
  "abstract": "Pathogens counteract central nodes of NLR immune receptor networks to suppress immunity. However, the mechanisms by which pathogens hijack helper NLR pathways are poorly understood. Here, we show that an effector from the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans bridges the host protein NbTOL9a, a putative member of the host ESCRT pathway, to a helper NLR to suppress immunity. In this work, we solved the crystal structure of the RXLR-LWY effector AVRcap1b in complex with the ENTH domain of NbTOL9a. The structure revealed that unlike other RXLR-LWY effectors, AVRcap1b has a novel L-shaped fold that defines a new structural family of effectors in the Phytophthora genus. Moreover, we defined the AVRcap1b/NbTOL9a binding interface and designed effector mutants that don’t bind NbTOL9a, impairing immune suppression. This indicates that ENTH binding is required for full virulence activity of this effector. Lastly, we show that AVRcap1b associates specifically with activated NbNRC2 independently of NbTOL9a binding. This suggests that the effector functions as a bridge that interconnects NbNRC2 with the NbTOL9a pathway. These results illustrate an unprecedented pathogen mechanism to hijack helper NLR pathways and suppress immunity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India",
    "The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK",
    "Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jogi Madhuprakash",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6491-0423"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "AmirAli Toghani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0644-699X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hsuan Pai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7284-6131"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Madia Harvey",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7105-9857"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Adam R. Bentham",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5906-0962"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin A. Seager",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-3161-1849"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Enoch Lok Him Yuen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7933-0605"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juan Carlos De la Concepción",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7642-8375"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "David M. Lawson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7637-4303"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Clare E. M. Stevenson",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6695-8201"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Angel Vergara Cruces",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0222-203X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lida Derevnina",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7983-4187"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tolga O. Bozkurt",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0507-6875"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mark James Banfield",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8921-3835"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sophien Kamoun",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0290-0315"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mauricio P. Contreras",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6002-0730"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enxt6g50cscpa.bib",
  "cited_by": 8,
  "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aea4500",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "enxt6g50cscpa",
  "issns": [
    "2375-2548"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea4500",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant Pathogens and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163641836",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13240173",
  "pmid": "42247512",
  "published": "2026-06-05",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enxt6g50cscpa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T13:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "W7163641836",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea4500"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant Pathogens and Resistance",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A potato late blight pathogen effector interacts with ENTH-domain protein TOL9a and an activated helper NLR to suppress immunity",
  "title_text": "A potato late blight pathogen effector interacts with ENTH-domain protein TOL9a and an activated helper NLR to suppress immunity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/enxt6g50cscpa",
  "venue": "Science Advances",
  "versions": []
}