{
  "abstract": "Automation in chemical laboratories improves the reproducibility, precision, and efficiency in liquid handling. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed, stepper-actuated pipetting robot was developed and tested via silver nitrate (AgNO3) experiments. The system employs a rigid 3D-printed frame to secure syringes and tubing, stepper motors for plunger actuation, and microcontroller-based software to automate the pipetting sequences. The robot was evaluated for volume accuracy, reproducibility, and mechanical reliability using 5 mL syringes. The results indicate consistent volume delivery and stable mechanical performance over multiple cycles. Detailed mechanical, electrical, and software specifications are provided to enable replication and customization in other laboratories.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Hokkaido University , , North 10, West 8 , ,",
    "Hokkaido University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shogo Shirahata"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mikael Kuwahara"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fernando Garcia-Escobar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0587-3372"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keisuke Takahashi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9328-1694"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lauren Takahashi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9922-8889"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eq23e0m7xj6vb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c05778",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "eq23e0m7xj6vb",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05778/5457689/Design-and-Construction-of-a-Low-Cost-Open-Source",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1606|Various Chemistry Research Topics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223336257",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c05778",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eq23e0m7xj6vb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c05778",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c05778/5457689/Design-and-Construction-of-a-Low-Cost-Open-Source"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1606|Various Chemistry Research Topics",
      "subfield": "physical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Design and Construction of a Low-Cost, Open-Source Syringe-Based Pipetting Robot Using 3D Printing and Common Hardware Parts",
  "title_text": "Design and Construction of a Low-Cost, Open-Source Syringe-Based Pipetting Robot Using 3D Printing and Common Hardware Parts",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eq23e0m7xj6vb",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}