{
  "abstract": "A novel series of 2-oxo-1′H-spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyridine]-3′,5′-dicarbonitrile derivatives (5a–e, 6a–d) was successfully synthesized via an efficient one-pot, three-component reaction of N-alkylisatins, malononitrile, and secondary amines (morpholine or thiomorpholine). The chemical structures of all target compounds were unambiguously characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In malignancies' adherent monolayers, optimal differential antiproliferation effects of sub-25 µM IC50 values were attained by 5a and 6b (colorectal CaCo2 and lung A549), 5b (A549 and skin melanoma A375), 5c and 5d (mammary T47D and colorectal SW480), 5e (SW480), 6a (colorectal HT29) and 6d (colorectal HCT116 and A549). Among all physiologically regulated immunomodulatory 9 spirooxindoles derivatives, 6c was ascribed the maximal efficacy of 0.45 µM IC50 value in LPS-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages. Distinctively, 6a displayed superior antioxidative capacity in DPPH radical scavenging compared with the others. Collectively these findings highlight 1,4-dihydropyridine spirooxindoles as promising multifunctional leads for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug development with a high therapeutic safety window.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan",
    "Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan",
    "Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Esraa H. Al-Afghani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jalal A. Zahra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mustafa M. El-Abadelah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Areej M. Jaber",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2991-1858"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Violet Kasabri"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/er3jrxt3jr5h4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra06965g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662855/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "er3jrxt3jr5h4",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13662855",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221803326",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662855/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13662855",
  "pmid": "42877156",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/er3jrxt3jr5h4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13662855",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13662855"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:38Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13662855",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra06965g"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of novel 1,4-dihydropyridine spirooxindole as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of novel 1,4-dihydropyridine spirooxindole as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/er3jrxt3jr5h4",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}