{
  "abstract": "Oscillations are a key feature of cortical activity, coordinating spike timing across areas, layers, and cell types. Recent work suggests these rhythms follow a stereotyped organization across cortical depth, the spectrolaminar (SL) motif, with higher-frequency gamma prominent in superficial layers and lower-frequency alpha/beta in deep layers, yet the mechanisms generating it remain poorly understood. Using a bio-realistic model of mouse primary visual cortex, we reproduced the SL motif and found it preserved across diverse visual stimuli. Systematic cell-type- and layer-resolved perturbations showed that the alpha/beta component was intrinsic to every layer, whereas the 50-80 Hz gamma component was predominantly generated within layer 4 (L4) and propagated network-wide through inter-laminar connections. Pvalb interneurons were the principal regulators of gamma, Sst cells shaped low-frequency power, and Vip cells controlled oscillation magnitude. The temporal properties of L4 Pvalb-to-excitatory synapses were especially influential in generating the SL motif. These models and simulation results thus offer a plausible description of circuit mechanisms underlying cortical oscillations and the SL motif and are publicly available to facilitate further studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Allen Institute"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "B. Herrera"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Ito"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Haufler"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Dai"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Abdaltawab"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Z. Sennesh"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Mendoza-Halliday"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. M. Bastos"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Arkhipov"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/erpvrkyxvyf88.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.11.04.763717",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.04.763717v1.full",
  "id": "erpvrkyxvyf88",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.04.763717v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "neuroscience"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.04.763717v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/erpvrkyxvyf88.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.11.04.763717",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.04.763717v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Circuit and cell-type mechanisms of the spectrolaminar motif of cortical oscillations",
  "title_text": "Circuit and cell-type mechanisms of the spectrolaminar motif of cortical oscillations",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T00:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/erpvrkyxvyf88",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}