{
  "abstract": "Gastric ulcer disease is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of gastric mucosal defense mechanisms. Ethanol-induced gastric injury is a widely used experimental model for evaluating gastroprotective agents. Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous C.asiatica extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=6): ulcer control, omeprazole-treated group (20 mg/kg), and three groups pretreated orally with aqueous C.asiatica extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using standard methods. Gastric ulceration was induced using absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). Gastric pH, mucus weight, ulcer area, and ulcer inhibition percentage were evaluated. Histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were also performed. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids in the aqueous C.asiatica extract. Pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric injury in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Treated rats showed increased gastric pH and mucus weight with reduced ulcer area compared with the ulcer control group. The 600 mg/kg dose produced the highest ulcer inhibition (98.88%) and preserved gastric mucosal architecture with minimal epithelial disruption, edema, and inflammatory-cell infiltration. In addition, the extract significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels. Aqueous C.asiatica extract demonstrated significant gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats, possibly through enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. The observed protective effects may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents present in the extract, supporting the potential therapeutic value of C.asiatica in gastric ulcer prevention.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya 44023, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Anesthesia Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.",
    "Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nzar Ibrahim Yousif"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhala B Taha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bakhtawar Ziad Omer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Abdullah Jawdat Zebari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zeenath S Sheikh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hero Ismael Mohammed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Tanya Salam Salih"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Usha Rani Kandula"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sherzad Hassan Radha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdulrahman Ismael"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es122aaek950e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13740447",
  "id": "es122aaek950e",
  "issns": [
    "2588-2767",
    "2322-2379"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996818",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204528429",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13740447?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13740447",
  "pmid": "42996818",
  "published": "2026-08-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es122aaek950e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:42Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42996818",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996818"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2707|Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury : Short title: Centella asiatica Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury.",
  "title_text": "Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury : Short title: Centella asiatica Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es122aaek950e",
  "venue": "Galen medical journal",
  "versions": []
}