{
  "abstract": "ObjectiveTo develop and obtain expert consensus on a quality evaluation index system for waterless surgical hand antisepsis in operating rooms and to assign hierarchical weights to the finalized indicators.MethodsGuided by the Donabedian structure-process-outcome model, candidate indicators were generated through a structured literature review and semi-structured interviews. A three-round expert consultation was conducted: Rounds 1 and 2 were used to screen and refine indicators, and Round 3 was used for AHP-based pairwise weighting. Twenty-two eligible experts received the Round-1 questionnaire; 20 returned valid questionnaires and constituted the panel retained for Rounds 2 and 3, in which all 20 responded. Expert authority was assessed using Cr = (Ca + Cs)/2. In Round 3, individual expert authority coefficients were normalized to obtain expert-specific weights, and pairwise judgments were aggregated using a weighted geometric mean before AHP weight calculation and consistency testing.ResultsThe valid response rates were 90.9% (20/22), 100% (20/20), and 100% (20/20) in Rounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The panel mean expert authority coefficients (Cr) were 0.883, 0.895, and 0.900. Kendall's coefficients of concordance for the two indicator-screening rounds were 0.242 and 0.334, respectively (both P < 0.001), while coefficients of variation decreased from 0.07-0.20 to 0.05-0.18. The aggregated AHP group judgment matrices satisfied the predefined consistency criterion (CR < 0.10). The final system comprised three first-level, nine second-level, and 28 third-level indicators. The global weights of the first-level domains were structure 0.1762, process 0.4123, and outcome 0.4115.ConclusionThis study produced a consensus-based and hierarchically weighted quality evaluation index system for waterless surgical hand antisepsis. The framework may support standardized quality assessment and future quality-improvement work; however, the present study establishes expert consensus and relative priorities rather than clinical effectiveness, psychometric reliability, or causal effects. Multicenter clinical validation is required before broad implementation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "epartment of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Songping Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xi Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuequn Yin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenjuan Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huixian Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Miao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guo Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinmei Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es16wxc88snyq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fsurg.2026.1949101",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1949101/full",
  "id": "es16wxc88snyq",
  "issns": [
    "2296-875X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1949101",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RD1-811"
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      "openalex",
      "2725|Infection Control in Healthcare"
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  "openalex": "W7224270757",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1949101/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es16wxc88snyq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:22:32Z",
      "native_id": "127bf1ec179c4f2da587fe9c5876d818",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1949101"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Infection Control in Healthcare",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
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  ],
  "title": "Construction of a quality evaluation index system for waterless surgical hand antisepsis in operating rooms",
  "title_text": "Construction of a quality evaluation index system for waterless surgical hand antisepsis in operating rooms",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:22:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/es16wxc88snyq",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Surgery",
  "versions": []
}