{
  "abstract": "Utility-scale quantum computing will require executing long, complex algorithms with end-to-end error rates far below what physical qubits can support directly. Error-corrected logical qubits are needed to achieve this goal. To make the progress on logical qubits measurable and comparable we introduce the definition of scalable logical qubits: logical qubits preserved for long computations by repeated quantum error correction, capable of fault-tolerant universal operations with low-latency real-time decoding and feedback, and replicable to the hundreds or thousands, as required by applications. We characterize these scalable logical qubits along four coupled dimensions: reliability, scale, capability, and performance, and discuss trade-offs among these dimensions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.20549",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Matthias Troyer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chetan Nayak"
    },
    {
      "name": "John Martinis"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/escjw098dfmhg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.20549",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "escjw098dfmhg",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20549",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213608516",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.20549",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-17",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/escjw098dfmhg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:19Z",
      "native_id": "2609.20549",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20549"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Scalable logical qubits",
  "title_text": "Scalable logical qubits",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/escjw098dfmhg",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}