{
  "abstract": "Objective: Depression is a major public health challenge worldwide. We aimed to examine the association between residential greenspace and incident depression in UK Biobank participants.\n\nMethods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 265,311 UK Biobank participants. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between residential greenspace (300 m/1,000 m buffers) and all-cause depression, adjusting for varying degrees of confounders across 6 sequential models. Restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) was additionally adopted to assess the dose-response relationship between continuous greenspace and depression risk. A series of sensitivity, subgroup and mediation analyses were also conducted.\n\nResults: 265,311 participants entered the primary analysis. During the follow-up period, incident all-cause depression occurred in 10,766 participants (4.06%). The mean greenspace percentage was 36.2% (range: 0%−100%) in the 300 m buffer and 46.0% (range: 0%−100%) in the 1,000 m buffer. In a fully adjusted multivariable model (Model 6), the adjusted hazard ratio for per 10% increment in greenspace percentage was 0.988 (95% CI , 0.979–0.996) for the 300 m buffer and 0.983 (95% CI , 0.974–0.992) for the 1,000 m buffer, corresponding to a 1.2% and 1.7% reduction in depression risk, respectively. Trend test indicated a statistically significant decreasing trend with increasing greenspace levels ( P < 0.0001). Similarly, RCS displayed an inverse association of greenspace with all-cause depression, wherein higher greenspace percentage was linked to a reduced risk of depression. Results of subgroup and mediation analyses demonstrated consistent findings.\n\nConclusion: Increased residential greenspace is associated with a lower risk of all-cause depression. Urban planning strategies that enhance green environments may represent a potential approach for reducing depression risk at the population level.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University , ,",
    "PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center , ,",
    "Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , ,",
    "Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengfang Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tong Lan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yinghong Zhai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fangyuan Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianbo Ba"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ev3hd43dgaf9m.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1897674",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661952/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "ev3hd43dgaf9m",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661952",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Urban Green Space and Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214919009",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661952/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661952",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ev3hd43dgaf9m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661952",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661952"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1897674",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1897674/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Urban Green Space and Health",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of residential greenspace with incident depression: a prospective cohort study",
  "title_text": "Association of residential greenspace with incident depression: a prospective cohort study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ev3hd43dgaf9m",
  "venue": "Frontiers in public health",
  "versions": []
}